Lombardo Domenico, Calandra Pietro, Barreca Davide, Magazù Salvatore, Kiselev Mikhail A
National Research Council, Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, Messina 98158, Italy.
National Research Council, Institute of Nanostructured Materials, Roma 00015, Italy.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2016 Jun 25;6(7):125. doi: 10.3390/nano6070125.
The development of smart nanocarriers for the delivery of therapeutic drugs has experienced considerable expansion in recent decades, with the development of new medicines devoted to cancer treatment. In this respect a wide range of strategies can be developed by employing liposome nanocarriers with desired physico-chemical properties that, by exploiting a combination of a number of suitable soft interactions, can facilitate the transit through the biological barriers from the point of administration up to the site of drug action. As a result, the materials engineer has generated through the bottom up approach a variety of supramolecular nanocarriers for the encapsulation and controlled delivery of therapeutics which have revealed beneficial developments for stabilizing drug compounds, overcoming impediments to cellular and tissue uptake, and improving biodistribution of therapeutic compounds to target sites. Herein we present recent advances in liposome drug delivery by analyzing the main structural features of liposome nanocarriers which strongly influence their interaction in solution. More specifically, we will focus on the analysis of the relevant soft interactions involved in drug delivery processes which are responsible of main behaviour of soft nanocarriers in complex physiological fluids. Investigation of the interaction between liposomes at the molecular level can be considered an important platform for the modeling of the molecular recognition processes occurring between cells. Some relevant strategies to overcome the biological barriers during the drug delivery of the nanocarriers are presented which outline the main structure-properties relationships as well as their advantages (and drawbacks) in therapeutic and biomedical applications.
近几十年来，用于治疗药物递送的智能纳米载体有了显著发展，同时也开发出了致力于癌症治疗的新型药物。在这方面，可以通过使用具有所需物理化学性质的脂质体纳米载体来开发多种策略，这些脂质体纳米载体通过利用多种合适的软相互作用的组合，能够促进药物从给药部位穿过生物屏障到达药物作用部位。因此，材料工程师通过自下而上的方法生成了各种用于封装和控制递送治疗剂的超分子纳米载体，这些纳米载体在稳定药物化合物、克服细胞和组织摄取障碍以及改善治疗化合物向靶位点的生物分布方面都显示出了有益的进展。在此，我们通过分析脂质体纳米载体的主要结构特征来介绍脂质体药物递送的最新进展，这些结构特征强烈影响它们在溶液中的相互作用。更具体地说，我们将专注于分析药物递送过程中涉及的相关软相互作用，这些相互作用决定了软纳米载体在复杂生理流体中的主要行为。在分子水平上研究脂质体之间的相互作用可被视为细胞间发生的分子识别过程建模的重要平台。本文还介绍了纳米载体药物递送过程中克服生物屏障的一些相关策略，概述了主要的结构 - 性质关系以及它们在治疗和生物医学应用中的优点（和缺点）。
