Campani Virginia, Salzano Giuseppina, Lusa Sara, De Rosa Giuseppe
Department of Pharmacy, University Federico II of Naples, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
Institute of Molecular Sciences, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2016 Jul 9;6(7):131. doi: 10.3390/nano6070131.
The growing knowledge on the mechanisms of gene silencing and gene regulation by non-coding RNAs (ncRNA), mainly small interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA), is providing a significant boost to the development of new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of cancer. However, the design of RNA-based therapeutics is hampered by biopharmaceutical issues, thus requiring the use of suitable delivery strategies. In this regards, lipid nanovectors have been successfully investigated to deliver RNA in different forms of cancer. Compared to other biomaterials, lipids offer advantages such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, easy production, low cost, limited toxicity and immunogenicity. The possibility to formulate these materials in the form of nanovectors allows overcoming biopharmaceutical issues associated to the therapeutic use of RNA, with the possibility to target tumors. This review takes stock of the main lipid nanovectors proposed to deliver ncRNA. For each considered delivery strategy, the rational design and the most meaningful in vitro and in vivo results are reported and discussed.
对非编码RNA（ncRNA），主要是小干扰RNA（siRNA）和微小RNA（miRNA）介导的基因沉默和基因调控机制的认识不断深入，极大地推动了癌症治疗新策略的发展。然而，基于RNA的疗法的设计受到生物制药问题的阻碍，因此需要采用合适的递送策略。在这方面，脂质纳米载体已成功用于向不同类型癌症递送RNA。与其他生物材料相比，脂质具有生物相容性、可生物降解性、易于生产、成本低、毒性有限和免疫原性低等优点。将这些材料制成纳米载体的形式能够克服与RNA治疗应用相关的生物制药问题，并有可能靶向肿瘤。本综述总结了用于递送ncRNA的主要脂质纳米载体。对于每种考虑的递送策略，均报告并讨论了合理设计以及最有意义的体外和体内研究结果。
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