Geiser Marianne, Jeannet Natalie, Fierz Martin, Burtscher Heinz
Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, P.O. Box 922, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
Institute of Aerosol and Sensor Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Klosterzelgstrasse 2, 5210 Windisch, Switzerland.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2017 Feb 22;7(2):49. doi: 10.3390/nano7020049.
The number of daily products containing nanoparticles (NP) is rapidly increasing. NP in powders, dispersions, or sprays are a yet unknown risk for incidental exposure, especially at workplaces during NP production and processing, and for consumers of any health status and age using NP containing sprays. We developed the nano aerosol chamber for in vitro toxicity (NACIVT), a portable instrument for realistic safety testing of inhaled NP in vitro and evaluated effects of silver (Ag) and carbon (C) NP-which belong to the most widely used nanomaterials-on normal and compromised airway epithelia. We review the development, physical performance, and suitability of NACIVT for short and long-term exposures with air-liquid interface (ALI) cell cultures in regard to the prerequisites of a realistic in vitro test system for inhalation toxicology and in comparison to other commercially available, well characterized systems. We also review doses applied to cell cultures in vitro and acknowledge that a single exposure to realistic doses of spark generated 20-nm Ag- or CNP results in small, similar cellular responses to both NP types and that cytokine release generally increased with increasing NP dose.
含纳米颗粒（NP）的日用品数量正在迅速增加。粉末、分散体或喷雾中的NP对意外接触来说仍是一种未知风险，特别是在NP生产和加工过程中的工作场所，以及任何健康状况和年龄的使用含NP喷雾的消费者。我们开发了用于体外毒性的纳米气溶胶室（NACIVT），这是一种用于对吸入NP进行实际安全性体外测试的便携式仪器，并评估了银（Ag）和碳（C）NP（属于使用最广泛的纳米材料）对正常和受损气道上皮细胞的影响。我们根据吸入毒理学实际体外测试系统的要求，并与其他市售的、特征明确的系统进行比较，综述了NACIVT在气液界面（ALI）细胞培养短期和长期暴露方面的开发、物理性能及适用性。我们还综述了体外应用于细胞培养的剂量，并认识到单次暴露于实际剂量的火花产生的20纳米Ag或CNP会导致对两种NP类型产生微小的、相似的细胞反应，且细胞因子释放通常随NP剂量增加而增加。
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