Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, UK.
Age Ageing. 2017 Sep 1;46(5):773-779. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afx018.
dietary modification can potentially reduce dementia risk, but the importance of fruits and the amount of vegetables and fruits required for cognitive maintenance are uncertain. We examined whether the minimal daily requirement of vegetables and fruits recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) would independently lower dementia risk.
in this population-based observational study, we examined the diet of 17,700 community-living dementia-free Chinese older adults who attended the Elderly Health Centres in Hong Kong at baseline and followed their cognitive status for 6 years. In line with the WHO recommendation, we defined the cutoff for minimal intake of vegetables and fruits as at least three and two servings per day, respectively. The study outcome was incident dementia in 6 years. Dementia was defined by presence of clinical dementia in accordance with the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) or Clinical Dementia Rating of 1-3.
multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the estimated odds ratios for incident dementia were 0.88 (95% confidence interval 0.73-1.06; P = 0.17) for those consuming at least three servings of vegetables per day, 0.86 (0.74-0.99; P < 0.05) for those consuming at least two servings of fruits per day and 0.75 (0.60-0.95; P = 0.02) for those consuming at least these amounts of both at baseline, after adjusting for age, gender, education, major chronic diseases, physical exercise and smoking.
having at least three servings of vegetables and two servings of fruits daily might help prevent dementia in older adults.
饮食调整可能降低痴呆风险，但水果的重要性以及维持认知功能所需的蔬菜和水果量尚不确定。我们研究了世界卫生组织（WHO）推荐的蔬菜和水果最低日摄入量是否能独立降低痴呆风险。
本基于人群的观察性研究纳入了 17700 名居住在社区、无痴呆的中国老年人，他们在基线时参加了香港的老年保健中心，并在 6 年内随访认知状况。根据 WHO 的建议，我们将蔬菜和水果最低摄入量的切点定义为每天至少 3 份和 2 份。研究结局为 6 年内发生痴呆。痴呆的定义为符合国际疾病分类第 10 次修订版（ICD-10）临床痴呆或临床痴呆评定量表 1-3 分的临床痴呆。
多变量逻辑回归分析显示，每天至少食用 3 份蔬菜的人发生痴呆的估计比值比为 0.88（95%置信区间 0.73-1.06；P=0.17），每天至少食用 2 份水果的人发生痴呆的比值比为 0.86（0.74-0.99；P<0.05），每天至少食用这两种食物的人发生痴呆的比值比为 0.75（0.60-0.95；P=0.02），这些结果在调整了年龄、性别、教育程度、主要慢性疾病、身体活动和吸烟状况后仍然成立。
每天至少食用 3 份蔬菜和 2 份水果可能有助于预防老年人痴呆。
