Raulio Susanna, Erlund Iris, Männistö Satu, Sarlio-Lähteenkorva Sirpa, Sundvall Jouko, Tapanainen Heli, Vartiainen Erkki, Virtanen Suvi M
Nutrition Unit, Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Eur J Public Health. 2017 Apr 1;27(2):268-273. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw154.
Due to vitamin D intake below recommendation (10 µg/day) and low (<50 nmol/l) serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D) concentration in Finnish population, the fortification of liquid dairy products with 0.5 µg vitamin D/100 g and fat spreads with 10 µg/100 g started in Finland in December 2002. In 2010, the fortification recommendation was doubled. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the vitamin D intake and status have improved among Finnish adults as a consequence of these nutrition policy actions. A further aim was to study the impact of vitamin supplement use to the total vitamin D intake.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted every 5 years. The National FINDIET Survey was conducted in Finland as part of the National FINRISK health monitoring study. Dietary data were collected by using a computer-assisted 48-h dietary recall. In 2002, dietary data comprised 2007, in 2007, 1575 and 2012, 1295 working aged (25-64 years) Finns.
The mean D-vitamin intake increased from 5 µg/day to 17 µg/day in men and from 3 µg/day to 18 µg/day in women from 2002 to 2012. The most important food sources of vitamin D were milk products, fat spreads and fish dishes. The share of milk products was 39% among younger men and 38% among younger women, and 29% among older men and 28% among older women. Fat spreads covered on average 28% of vitamin D intake, except for younger men for which it covered 23%. Fish dishes provided 28% of vitamin D intake for older men and women, and approximately 18% for younger ones. In January-April 2012, the average serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D) concentration for men was 63 nmol/l for men and for women 67 nmol/l for women.
The fortification of commonly used foods with vitamin D and vitamin D supplementation seems to be an efficient way to increase the vitamin D intake and the vitamin D status in the adult population.
由于芬兰人群维生素D摄入量低于推荐水平（10μg/天）且血清25-羟基胆钙化醇（25(OH)D）浓度较低（<50nmol/l），2002年12月芬兰开始对液态乳制品进行强化，添加0.5μg维生素D/100g，对涂抹酱进行强化，添加10μg/100g。2010年，强化推荐量翻倍。本研究的目的是调查这些营养政策行动是否使芬兰成年人的维生素D摄入量和状况得到改善。另一个目的是研究使用维生素补充剂对总维生素D摄入量的影响。
每5年进行一次横断面调查。芬兰全国饮食调查作为全国FINRISK健康监测研究的一部分在芬兰开展。通过计算机辅助的48小时饮食回顾收集饮食数据。2002年，饮食数据包含2007人，2007年包含1575人，2012年包含1295名工作年龄（25 - 64岁）的芬兰人。
从2002年到2012年，男性维生素D的平均摄入量从5μg/天增加到17μg/天，女性从3μg/天增加到18μg/天。维生素D最重要的食物来源是乳制品、涂抹酱和鱼类菜肴。乳制品在年轻男性中的占比为39%，在年轻女性中为38%，在老年男性中为29%，在老年女性中为28%。涂抹酱平均占维生素D摄入量的28%，年轻男性除外，其占23%。鱼类菜肴为老年男性和女性提供了28%的维生素D摄入量，为年轻人提供了约18%。在2012年1月至4月，男性血清25-羟基胆钙化醇（25(OH)D）的平均浓度为63nmol/l，女性为67nmol/l。
对常用食品进行维生素D强化以及补充维生素D似乎是增加成年人群维生素D摄入量和维生素D状况的有效方法。
