Harika Rajwinder K, Dötsch-Klerk Mariska, Zock Peter L, Eilander Ans
Unilever Research and Development, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands.
Ann Nutr Metab. 2016;69(3-4):246-255. doi: 10.1159/000454930. Epub 2017 Jan 7.
The study aimed to determine the potential of compliance with Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG) and increased vitamin D fortification to meet the recommended intake level of vitamin D at 10 µg/day based on minimal exposure to sunlight.
The main dietary sources of vitamin D were derived from national dietary surveys in adults from United Kingdom (UK) (n = 911), Netherlands (NL) (n = 1,526), and Sweden (SE) (n = 974). The theoretical increase in population vitamin D intake was simulated for the following: (1) compliance with FBDG, (2) increased level of vitamin D in commonly fortified foods, and (3) combination of both.
Median usual vitamin D intake was 2.4 (interquartile range 1.7-3.4) µg/day in UK, 3.4 (2.7-4.2) µg/day in NL, and 5.3 (3.9-7.3) µg/day in SE. The top 3 dietary sources of vitamin D were fish, fat-based spreads (margarines), and meat. Together, these delivered up to two-thirds of total vitamin D intake on average. Compliance with FBDG for fish, margarine, and meat increased vitamin D intake to 4.6 (4.1-5.1) µg/day in UK, 5.2 (4.9-5.5) µg/day in NL, and 7.7 (7.0-8.5) µg/day in SE. Doubling the vitamin D levels in margarines and milk would increase vitamin D intake to 4.9 (3.6-6.5) µg/day in UK, 6.6 (4.8-8.6) µg/day in NL, and 7.2 (5.2-9.8) µg/day in SE. Combining both scenarios would increase vitamin D intake to 7.9 (6.8-9.2) µg/day in UK, 8.8 (7.4-10.4) µg/day in NL, and 8.9 (6.9-11.8) µg/day in SE.
This study highlights the potential of dietary measures to double the current vitamin D intake in adults.
本研究旨在确定遵循基于食物的膳食指南（FBDG）以及增加维生素D强化量以在最少阳光暴露情况下达到每日10微克维生素D推荐摄入量的潜力。
维生素D的主要膳食来源来自英国（UK）（n = 911）、荷兰（NL）（n = 1526）和瑞典（SE）（n = 974）成年人的全国膳食调查。针对以下情况模拟了人群维生素D摄入量的理论增加：（1）遵循FBDG；（2）常见强化食品中维生素D水平增加；（3）两者结合。
英国成年人维生素D的通常摄入量中位数为2.4（四分位间距1.7 - 3.4）微克/天，荷兰为3.4（2.7 - 4.2）微克/天，瑞典为5.3（3.9 - 7.3）微克/天。维生素D的前三大膳食来源是鱼类、含脂肪涂抹酱（人造黄油）和肉类。这些食物平均共提供了高达总维生素D摄入量的三分之二。在英国，遵循FBDG摄入鱼类、人造黄油和肉类可使维生素D摄入量增至4.6（4.1 - 5.1）微克/天，荷兰为5.2（4.9 - 5.5）微克/天，瑞典为7.7（7.0 - 8.5）微克/天。将人造黄油和牛奶中的维生素D含量翻倍，在英国可使维生素D摄入量增至4.9（3.6 - 6.5）微克/天，荷兰为6.6（4.8 - 8.6）微克/天，瑞典为7.2（5.2 - 9.8）微克/天。两种情况结合，在英国可使维生素D摄入量增至7.9（6.8 - 9.2）微克/天，荷兰为8.8（7.4 - 10.4）微克/天，瑞典为8.9（6.9 - 11.8）微克/天。
本研究强调了膳食措施使成年人当前维生素D摄入量翻倍的潜力。
