Department of Pharmacology, National Laboratory for Quality Control on Poultry Production (NLQP), Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Ismailia, Egypt.
Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Institute for Environmental Health Sciences and Hospital Infection Control, Freiburg, Germany.
Poult Sci. 2017 Jul 1;96(7):2375-2384. doi: 10.3382/ps/pew493.
Throughout the world, expanded spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) are increasing among clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae, both in humans and animals. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of data on ESBL or Ampicillin class C β-lactamase (AmpC) in Egypt, although antimicrobial consumption is high in this developing country. This study aims to characterize the resistance mechanisms to expanded spectrum cephalosporins among resistant veterinary Escherichia coli isolates in Egypt. We investigated 50 clinical multi-resistant E. coli strains isolated from 20 chicken farms for production of ESBL or AmpC. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) disk diffusion and ESBL confirmatory tests. PCR and sequencing were performed to screen for plasmid mediated ESBL genes and genes encoding AmpC β-lactamases. All the isolates were phylogentically classified, investigated for harboring class 1 integrons, and genotyped by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Three strains showed ESBL and 6 strains AmpC phenotypic patterns, respectively, with confirmed ESBL genes of blaTEM-57, blaSHV-12, blaCTX-M-14, and blaCMY-2 for AmpC producing strains. All ESBL strains belonged to phylogroup D with different clones isolated from different flocks, while most of the AmpC strains belonged to phylogroup B1 (4/6) and were assigned to the same genotype distributed in 2 different farms. Class 1 integrons were disseminated in 60% of all tested strains and in 100% of ESBL and AmpC strains. These results highlight the antimicrobial resistance problem in Egypt, caused in all probability by unwise use of antimicrobials in animal husbandry. The results call for a nationwide surveillance program to monitor antimicrobial resistance.
在全球范围内，肠杆菌科临床分离株中的扩展谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）在人和动物中都在不断增加。不幸的是，尽管在这个发展中国家，抗生素的使用量很高，但埃及关于 ESBL 或氨苄西林类 Cβ-内酰胺酶（AmpC）的数据却很少。本研究旨在描述埃及兽医中耐多药大肠杆菌分离株对扩展谱头孢菌素的耐药机制。我们研究了从 20 个养鸡场分离的 50 株临床多耐药大肠杆菌，以检测其是否产生 ESBL 或 AmpC。通过临床和实验室标准协会（CLSI）药敏纸片扩散法和 ESBL 确证试验检测抗生素敏感性。通过 PCR 和测序筛选质粒介导的 ESBL 基因和编码 AmpCβ-内酰胺酶的基因。所有分离株均进行了系统发育分类，研究了其携带的 1 类整合子，并通过扩增片段长度多态性（AFLP）进行了基因分型。有 3 株表现出 ESBL 表型，6 株表现出 AmpC 表型，证实 ESBL 基因分别为 blaTEM-57、blaSHV-12、blaCTX-M-14 和 blaCMY-2。所有 ESBL 株均属于 D 群，不同克隆株分离自不同的鸡群，而大多数 AmpC 株属于 B1 群（4/6），并分布在 2 个不同的农场，具有相同的基因型。1 类整合子在所有检测菌株中的传播率为 60%，在 ESBL 和 AmpC 菌株中为 100%。这些结果突出了埃及的抗生素耐药问题，很可能是由于畜牧业中不合理使用抗生素所致。这些结果呼吁开展全国性的监测计划，以监测抗生素耐药性。
