Transcriptional profiling of porcine granulosa cells exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a toxic man-made chemical compound contaminating the environment. An exposure of living organisms to TCDD may result in numerous disorders, including reproductive pathologies. The aim of the current study was to examine the effects of TCDD on the transcriptome of porcine granulosa cell line AVG-16. By employing next-generation sequencing (NGS) we aimed to identify genes potentially involved in the mechanism of TCDD action and toxicity in porcine granulosa cells. The AVG-16 cells were treated with TCDD (100 nM) for 3, 12 or 24 h, and afterwards total cellular RNA was isolated and sequenced. In TCDD-treated cells we identified 141 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; p < 0.05 and log2 fold change ≥1.0). The DEGs were assigned to GO term, covering biological processes, molecular functions and cellular components. Due to the large number of genes with altered expression, in the current study we analyzed only the genes involved in follicular growth, development and functioning. The obtained results showed that TCDD may affect ovarian follicle fate by influencing granulosa cell cycle, proliferation and DNA repair. The demonstrated over-time changes in the quantity and quality of genes being affected by TCDD treatment showed that the effects of TCDD on granulosa cells changed dramatically between 3-, 12- and 24-h of cell culture. This finding indicate that timing of gene expression measurement is critical for drawing correct conclusions on detailed relationships between the TCDD-affected genes and resulting intracellular processes. These conclusions have to be confirmed and extended by research involving proteomic and functional studies.