Bieryło Anna, Brzósko Szymon, Laudańska Elżbieta, Naumnik Beata
I Klinika Nefrologii I Transplantologii Z Ośrodkiem Dializ Uniwersytetu Medycznego, Białystok, Polska.
Wiad Lek. 2017;70(1):68-73.
Kidney transplantation is the best treatment for end-stage renal failure. It prolongs the patient's life, improves quality of life and reduces costs associated with renal replacement therapy. Increasingly, newer immunosuppressive regimens allow for the proper functioning of the transplanted organ for many years. The progress in transplantation, qualification patients in older age for the procedure and longer survival of kidney graft lead to an increase in the number of patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs. They are exposed to various side effects associated with long-term suppression of the immune system, including an increased risk of cancer development. The most common malignancies (40- 50%) diagnosed in renal transplant recipients are skin cancers. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) are the most common types of tumors occurring in this population. The use of immunosuppression resulted in the increase of the incidence of tumors that in the general population are relatively rare such as melanoma, Merkel cell cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma, anogenital cancer as well as sebaceous carcinoma.
肾移植是终末期肾衰竭的最佳治疗方法。它能延长患者生命，提高生活质量，并降低与肾脏替代治疗相关的费用。越来越多更新的免疫抑制方案能使移植器官正常运作多年。移植技术的进步、使老年患者符合手术条件以及肾移植的更长存活期导致接受免疫抑制药物治疗的患者数量增加。他们面临与免疫系统长期抑制相关的各种副作用，包括患癌风险增加。肾移植受者中最常见的恶性肿瘤（40%-50%）是皮肤癌。鳞状细胞癌（SCC）和基底细胞癌（BCC）是该人群中最常见的肿瘤类型。免疫抑制的使用导致了在普通人群中相对罕见的肿瘤发病率增加，如黑色素瘤、默克尔细胞癌、卡波西肉瘤、肛门生殖器癌以及皮脂腺癌。
