Di Corcia T, Sanchez Mellado C, Davila Francia T J, Ferri G, Sarno S, Luiselli D, Rickards O
Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata,", Via della Ricerca Scientifica n. 1, Roma, 00173, Italy.
Faculty of Intercultural Education and Humanity, National Intercultural University of Amazon, Yarinacocha, Coronel Portillo, Ucayali, 25000, Peru.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 2017 Jun;163(2):328-338. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.23209. Epub 2017 Mar 25.
Assuming that the differences between the Andes and the Amazon rainforest at environmental and historical levels have influenced the distribution patterns of genes, languages, and cultures, the maternal and paternal genetic reconstruction of the Peruvian Amazon populations was used to test the relationships within and between these two extreme environments.
We analyzed four Peruvian Amazon communities (Ashaninka, Huambisa, Cashibo, and Shipibo) for both Y chromosome (17 STRs and 8 SNPs) and mtDNA data (control region sequences, two diagnostic sites of the coding region, and one INDEL), and we studied their variability against the rest of South America.
We detected a high degree of genetic diversity in the Peruvian Amazon people, both for mtDNA than for Y chromosome, excepting for Cashibo people, who seem to have had no exchanges with their neighbors, in contrast with the others communities. The genetic structure follows the divide between the Andes and the Amazon, but we found a certain degree of gene flow between these two environments, as particularly emerged with the Y chromosome descent cluster's (DCs) analysis.
The Peruvian Amazon is home to an array of populations with differential rates of genetic exchanges with their neighbors and with the Andean people, depending on their peculiar demographic histories. We highlighted some successful Y chromosome lineages expansions originated in Peru during the pre-Columbian history which involved both Andeans and Amazon Arawak people, showing that at least a part of the Amazon rainforest did not remain isolated from those exchanges.
假设安第斯山脉和亚马逊雨林在环境和历史层面上的差异影响了基因、语言和文化的分布模式，利用秘鲁亚马逊人群的母系和父系基因重建来检验这两种极端环境内部以及它们之间的关系。
我们分析了四个秘鲁亚马逊社区（阿沙宁卡人、万比萨人、卡西博人和希皮博人）的Y染色体（17个短串联重复序列和8个单核苷酸多态性）和线粒体DNA数据（控制区序列、编码区的两个诊断位点和一个插入缺失），并研究了它们相对于南美洲其他地区的变异性。
我们在秘鲁亚马逊人群中检测到了高度的遗传多样性，线粒体DNA的遗传多样性高于Y染色体，卡西博人除外，与其他社区不同，卡西博人似乎与邻居没有基因交流。遗传结构遵循安第斯山脉和亚马逊之间的划分，但我们发现这两种环境之间存在一定程度的基因流动，这在Y染色体世系簇（DCs）分析中尤为明显。
秘鲁亚马逊地区居住着一系列人群，根据其独特的人口历史，他们与邻居以及安第斯人群体的基因交流率各不相同。我们强调了一些在哥伦布发现美洲大陆之前的历史时期起源于秘鲁的成功的Y染色体谱系扩张，这些扩张涉及安第斯人和亚马逊阿拉瓦克人，这表明至少亚马逊雨林的一部分没有与这些交流隔绝。
