Cañas Daniel, Herrera Emilio A, García-Herrera Claudio, Celentano Diego, Krause Bernardo J
Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Santiago de Chile Santiago, Chile.
Programa de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile; International Center for Andean Studies, Universidad de ChilePutre, Chile.
Front Physiol. 2017 Mar 10;8:144. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00144. eCollection 2017.
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is associated with a variety of cardiometabolic diseases in adulthood which could involve remodeling processes of the vascular walls that could start in the fetal period. However, there is no consensus whether this remodeling affects in a similar way the whole vascular system. We aimed to determine the effects of FGR on the vasoactive and biomechanical properties of umbilical and systemic vessels in fetal guinea pigs. FGR was induced by implanting ameroid occluders at mid-gestation in uterine arteries of pregnant guinea pigs, whilst the control group was exposed to simulated surgery. At the term of gestation, systemic arteries (aorta, carotid and femoral) and umbilical vessels were isolated to determine contractile and biomechanical responses (stretch-stress until rupture) on a wire myograph, as well as opening angle and residual stresses. Histological characteristics in tissue samples were measured by van Gieson staining. Aorta and femoral arteries from FGR showed an increased in biomechanical markers of stiffness ( < 0.01), contractile capacity ( < 0.05) and relative media thickness ( < 0.01), but a reduced internal diameter ( < 0.001), compared with controls. There were no differences in the biomechanical properties of carotid and umbilical from control and FGR fetuses, but FGR umbilical arteries had a decreased contractile response to KCl ( < 0.05) along with a reduced relative media thickness ( < 0.05). Altogether, these changes in functional, mechanical and morphological properties suggest that FGR is associated with a heterogeneous pro-constrictive vascular remodeling affecting mainly the lower body fetal arteries. These effects would be set during a pathologic pregnancy in order to sustain the fetal blood redistribution in the FGR and may persist up to adulthood increasing the risk of a cardiovascular disease.
胎儿生长受限（FGR）与成年期的多种心脏代谢疾病相关，这些疾病可能涉及血管壁的重塑过程，而这一过程可能始于胎儿期。然而，对于这种重塑是否以相似方式影响整个血管系统，目前尚无定论。我们旨在确定FGR对豚鼠胎儿脐血管和全身血管的血管活性及生物力学特性的影响。通过在妊娠中期将阿梅里德氏缩窄器植入怀孕豚鼠的子宫动脉来诱导FGR，而对照组则接受模拟手术。在妊娠末期，分离出全身动脉（主动脉、颈动脉和股动脉）和脐血管，以在血管张力测定仪上确定其收缩和生物力学反应（拉伸应力直至破裂），以及开口角度和残余应力。通过范吉森染色测量组织样本的组织学特征。与对照组相比，FGR胎儿的主动脉和股动脉在硬度生物力学标志物（<0.01）、收缩能力（<0.05）和相对中膜厚度（<0.01）方面有所增加，但内径减小（<0.001）。对照组和FGR胎儿的颈动脉和脐血管的生物力学特性没有差异，但FGR脐动脉对氯化钾的收缩反应降低（<0.05），同时相对中膜厚度减小（<0.05）。总之，这些功能、力学和形态学特性的变化表明，FGR与异质性的促收缩血管重塑有关，主要影响胎儿下半身动脉。这些影响将在病理性妊娠期间形成，以维持FGR胎儿的血液重新分布，并且可能持续到成年期，增加患心血管疾病的风险。
