Kumar Smita, Verma Saurabh, Trivedi Prabodh K
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - National Botanical Research InstituteLucknow, India; Centre of Bio-Medical ResearchSanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Lucknow, India.
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - National Botanical Research InstituteLucknow, India; Department of Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar UniversityLucknow, India.
Front Plant Sci. 2017 Mar 10;8:285. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00285. eCollection 2017.
Plants require several essential mineral nutrients for their growth and development. These nutrients are required to maintain physiological processes and structural integrity in plants. The root architecture has evolved to absorb nutrients from soil and transport them to other parts of the plant. Nutrient deficiency affects several physiological and biological processes in plants and leads to reduction in crop productivity and yield. To compensate this adversity, plants have developed adaptive mechanisms to enhance the acquisition, conservation, and mobilization of these nutrients under deficient or adverse conditions. In addition, plants have evolved an intricate nexus of complex signaling cascades, which help in nutrient sensing and uptake as well as to maintain nutrient homeostasis. In recent years, small non-coding RNAs such as micro RNAs (miRNAs) and endogenous small interfering RNAs have emerged as important component in regulating plant stress responses. A set of these small RNAs (sRNAs) have been implicated in regulating various processes involved in nutrient uptake, assimilation, and deficiency. In response to phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S) deficiencies, role of sRNAs, miR395 and miR399, have been identified to be instrumental; however, many more miRNAs might be involved in regulating the plant response to these nutrient stresses. These sRNAs modulate expression of target genes in response to P and S deficiencies and regulate their uptake and utilization for proper growth and development of the plant. This review summarizes the current understanding of uptake, sensing, and signaling of P and S and highlights the regulatory role of sRNAs in adaptive responses to these nutrient stresses in plants.
植物的生长和发育需要几种必需的矿质营养元素。这些营养元素对于维持植物的生理过程和结构完整性至关重要。根系结构已经进化，以便从土壤中吸收养分并将其运输到植物的其他部位。营养元素缺乏会影响植物的多种生理和生物学过程，并导致作物生产力和产量下降。为了应对这种逆境，植物已经发展出适应性机制，以在养分缺乏或不利条件下增强这些养分的获取、保存和调动。此外，植物已经进化出一个复杂的信号级联网络，有助于养分感知和吸收以及维持养分稳态。近年来，微小RNA（miRNA）和内源性小干扰RNA等小非编码RNA已成为调节植物应激反应的重要组成部分。其中一组小RNA（sRNA）与调节养分吸收、同化和缺乏所涉及的各种过程有关。在应对磷（P）和硫（S）缺乏时，已确定sRNA miR395和miR399发挥了重要作用；然而，可能还有更多的miRNA参与调节植物对这些养分胁迫的反应。这些sRNA响应P和S缺乏调节靶基因的表达，并调节它们的吸收和利用，以促进植物的正常生长和发育。本综述总结了目前对P和S的吸收、感知和信号传导的理解，并强调了sRNA在植物对这些养分胁迫的适应性反应中的调节作用。
