Plant Metabolic Engineering, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, CSIR, Palampur 176061 (HP), India.
Genomics Proteomics Bioinformatics. 2011 Dec;9(6):183-99. doi: 10.1016/S1672-0229(11)60022-3.
Small RNAs (sRNAs) are 18-30 nt non-coding regulatory elements found in diverse organisms, which were initially identified as small double-stranded RNAs in Caenorhabditis elegans. With the development of new and improved technologies, sRNAs have also been identified and characterized in plant systems. Among them, micro RNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are found to be very important riboregulators in plants. Various types of sRNAs differ in their mode of biogenesis and in their function of gene regulation. sRNAs are involved in gene regulation at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. They are known to regulate growth and development of plants. Furthermore, sRNAs especially plant miRNAs have been found to be involved in various stress responses, such as oxidative, mineral nutrient deficiency, dehydration, and even mechanical stimulus. Therefore, in the present review, we focus on the current understanding of biogenesis and regulatory mechanisms of plant sRNAs and their responses to various abiotic stresses.
小 RNA（sRNAs）是 18-30 个核苷酸的非编码调控元件，存在于各种生物体中，最初在秀丽隐杆线虫中被鉴定为小双链 RNA。随着新技术的发展，sRNAs 也在植物系统中被鉴定和表征。其中，microRNAs（miRNAs）和 small interfering RNAs（siRNAs）被发现是植物中非常重要的核糖开关调节剂。各种类型的 sRNAs 在生物发生方式和基因调控功能上存在差异。sRNAs 参与基因在转录和转录后水平的调控。它们被认为调节植物的生长和发育。此外，sRNAs，特别是植物 miRNAs，已被发现参与各种非生物胁迫反应，如氧化、矿质养分缺乏、脱水，甚至机械刺激。因此，在本综述中，我们重点介绍了植物 sRNAs 的生物发生和调控机制及其对各种非生物胁迫的响应的最新认识。
