Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.; School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.; Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
Sci Adv. 2017 Mar 8;3(3):e1601314. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1601314. eCollection 2017 Mar.
Electrochemical analysis of sweat using soft bioelectronics on human skin provides a new route for noninvasive glucose monitoring without painful blood collection. However, sweat-based glucose sensing still faces many challenges, such as difficulty in sweat collection, activity variation of glucose oxidase due to lactic acid secretion and ambient temperature changes, and delamination of the enzyme when exposed to mechanical friction and skin deformation. Precise point-of-care therapy in response to the measured glucose levels is still very challenging. We present a wearable/disposable sweat-based glucose monitoring device integrated with a feedback transdermal drug delivery module. Careful multilayer patch design and miniaturization of sensors increase the efficiency of the sweat collection and sensing process. Multimodal glucose sensing, as well as its real-time correction based on pH, temperature, and humidity measurements, maximizes the accuracy of the sensing. The minimal layout design of the same sensors also enables a strip-type disposable device. Drugs for the feedback transdermal therapy are loaded on two different temperature-responsive phase change nanoparticles. These nanoparticles are embedded in hyaluronic acid hydrogel microneedles, which are additionally coated with phase change materials. This enables multistage, spatially patterned, and precisely controlled drug release in response to the patient's glucose level. The system provides a novel closed-loop solution for the noninvasive sweat-based management of diabetes mellitus.
基于人体皮肤的软生物电子电化学分析为非侵入性血糖监测提供了新途径，无需进行痛苦的血液采集。然而，基于汗液的血糖传感仍然面临许多挑战，例如汗液采集困难、由于乳酸分泌和环境温度变化导致葡萄糖氧化酶活性变化，以及在机械摩擦和皮肤变形时酶分层。精确的即时护理治疗以响应测量的血糖水平仍然非常具有挑战性。我们提出了一种可穿戴/一次性的基于汗液的葡萄糖监测设备，集成了反馈透皮药物输送模块。精心设计的多层贴片和传感器的小型化提高了汗液采集和传感过程的效率。基于 pH 值、温度和湿度测量的多模态葡萄糖传感及其实时校正，最大限度地提高了传感的准确性。相同传感器的最小布局设计还可实现条状一次性设备。反馈透皮治疗用的药物加载在两种不同的温度响应型相变纳米粒子上。这些纳米粒子嵌入透明质酸水凝胶微针中，并额外涂有相变材料。这使得能够根据患者的血糖水平进行多阶段、空间图案化和精确控制的药物释放。该系统为糖尿病的非侵入性汗液管理提供了一种新颖的闭环解决方案。
