Kaushal Aayush, Musafir Aanchal, Sharma Gourav, Rani Shital, Singh Rajat Kumar, Kumar Akhilesh, Bhadada Sanjay Kumar, Barnwal Ravi Pratap, Singh Gurpal
University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
Pharmaceutics. 2025 Jun 13;17(6):777. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics17060777.
Diabetes is a global health challenge, and while current treatments offer relief, they often fall short in achieving optimal control and long-term outcomes. Nanotechnology offers a groundbreaking approach to diabetes management by leveraging materials at the nanoscale to improve drug delivery, glucose monitoring, and therapeutic precision. Early advancements focused on enhancing insulin delivery through smart nanosystems such as tiny capsules that gradually release insulin, helping prevent dangerous drops in blood sugar. Simultaneously, the development of nanosensors has revolutionised glucose monitoring, offering real-time, continuous data that empowers individuals to manage their condition more effectively. Beyond insulin delivery and monitoring, nanotechnology enables targeted drug delivery systems that allow therapeutic agents to reach specific tissues, boosting efficacy while minimising side effects. Tools like microneedles, carbon nanomaterials, and quantum dots have made treatment less invasive and more patient-friendly. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with nanotechnology marks a new frontier in personalised care. AI algorithms can analyse individual patient data to adjust insulin doses and predict glucose fluctuations, paving the way for more responsive, customised treatment plans. As these technologies advance, safety remains a key concern. Rigorous research is underway to ensure the biocompatibility and long-term safety of these novel materials. The future of diabetes care lies in the convergence of nanotechnology and AI, offering personalised, data-driven strategies that address the limitations of conventional approaches. This review explores current progress, persistent challenges, and the transformative potential of nanotechnology in reshaping diabetes diagnosis and treatment and improving patient quality of life.
糖尿病是一项全球性的健康挑战，尽管目前的治疗方法能带来缓解，但在实现最佳控制和长期疗效方面往往有所欠缺。纳米技术提供了一种开创性的糖尿病管理方法，通过利用纳米级材料来改善药物递送、血糖监测和治疗精准度。早期进展集中在通过智能纳米系统（如能逐渐释放胰岛素的微小胶囊）来增强胰岛素递送，有助于防止血糖危险下降。同时，纳米传感器的发展彻底改变了血糖监测，提供实时、连续的数据，使患者能够更有效地管理自己的病情。除了胰岛素递送和监测，纳米技术还能实现靶向给药系统，使治疗药物能够到达特定组织，提高疗效的同时将副作用降至最低。微针、碳纳米材料和量子点等工具使治疗侵入性更小，对患者更友好。人工智能（AI）与纳米技术相结合标志着个性化医疗的新前沿。AI算法可以分析个体患者数据来调整胰岛素剂量并预测血糖波动，为更具响应性、定制化的治疗方案铺平道路。随着这些技术的进步，安全性仍然是一个关键问题。目前正在进行严格的研究，以确保这些新型材料的生物相容性和长期安全性。糖尿病护理的未来在于纳米技术与AI的融合，提供个性化、数据驱动的策略，解决传统方法的局限性。这篇综述探讨了纳米技术在重塑糖尿病诊断和治疗以及改善患者生活质量方面的当前进展、持续挑战和变革潜力。
