Conner Mark, Sandberg Tracy, Nekitsing Chandani, Hutter Russell, Wood Chantelle, Jackson Cath, Godin Gaston, Sheeran Paschal
University of Leeds, UK.
University of Leeds, UK.
Soc Sci Med. 2017 May;180:135-142. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.03.037. Epub 2017 Mar 21.
The question-behaviour effect (QBE) refers to the finding that survey questions about a behaviour can change that behaviour. However, little research has tested how the QBE can be maximized in behavioural medicine settings. The present research tested manipulations of cognitive targets (questions about anticipated regret or beneficence) and survey return rates (presence vs. absence of a sticky note requesting completion of the questionnaire) on the magnitude of the QBE for influenza vaccination in older adults.
Participants (N = 13,803) were recruited from general practice and randomly allocated to one of eight conditions: control 1 (no questionnaire); control 2 (demographics questionnaire); intention and attitude questionnaire (with or without a sticky note); intention and attitude plus anticipated regret questionnaire (with or without a sticky note); intention and attitude plus beneficence questionnaire (with or without a sticky note). Objective records of subsequent influenza vaccination from general practice records formed the dependent variable.
Intention-to-treat analyses indicated that receiving an influenza vaccination questionnaire significantly increased vaccination rates compared to the no questionnaire, OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.01, 1.36 and combined control conditions, OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.01, 1.25. Including the sticky note significantly increased questionnaire return rates, OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.04, 1.50. However, there were no differences in vaccination rates between questionnaires containing different cognitive targets, a sticky note or not, and no interactions. There were no significant differences in the per-protocol analyses, i.e. among respondents who completed and returned the questionnaires.
The QBE is a simple, low-cost intervention to increase influenza vaccination rates. Increasing questionnaire return rates or asking anticipated regret or beneficence questions in addition to intention and attitude questions did not enhance the QBE.
问题-行为效应（QBE）指的是关于某种行为的调查问题能够改变该行为这一发现。然而，几乎没有研究测试过在行为医学环境中如何使问题-行为效应最大化。本研究测试了认知目标（关于预期遗憾或善举的问题）和调查问卷回收率（有无便签要求完成问卷）对老年人流感疫苗接种问题-行为效应大小的影响。
从普通诊所招募参与者（N = 13803），并随机分配到八个条件之一：对照组1（无问卷）；对照组2（人口统计学问卷）；意向和态度问卷（有无便签）；意向和态度加预期遗憾问卷（有无便签）；意向和态度加善举问卷（有无便签）。从普通诊所记录中获取的后续流感疫苗接种客观记录构成因变量。
意向性分析表明，与无问卷组相比，收到流感疫苗接种问卷显著提高了接种率，比值比（OR）= 1.17，95%置信区间（CI）= 1.01，1.36；与联合对照组相比，OR = 1.13，95% CI = 1.01，1.25。包含便签显著提高了问卷回收率，OR = 1.25，95% CI = 1.04，1.50。然而, 包含不同认知目标、有无便签的问卷之间的接种率没有差异，也没有交互作用。在符合方案分析中，即在完成并返还问卷的受访者中，没有显著差异。
问题-行为效应是一种提高流感疫苗接种率的简单、低成本干预措施。提高问卷回收率或除了询问意向和态度问题之外还询问预期遗憾或善举问题，并没有增强问题-行为效应。
