Hugh Downs School of Human Communication, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1205, USA.
Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ, 85234, USA.
J Behav Med. 2023 Apr;46(1-2):65-75. doi: 10.1007/s10865-022-00310-9. Epub 2022 Apr 12.
This two-wave longitudinal study (performed pre-COVID), using both quantitative and qualitative data, investigated college students' influenza vaccine hesitancy and confidence using the theory of planned behavior (TPB). At Time 1, college students (n = 277) completed TPB measures and reported past influenza vaccine behavior. At Time 2 (30 days later), participants indicated whether they received the influenza vaccine since Time 1. At Time 2, participants who indicated that they had not received the influenza vaccine since Time 1 also described their most important reasons for not doing so. The TPB model fit the quantitative data well; direct paths from attitude and norms to intention, and from intention to future behavior, were strong and significant. The TPB model explained 71% of the variance in intention and 28% of the variance in future behavior. Neither perceived behavioral control nor past behavior improved the model's ability to predict intentions or future behavior. From the qualitative data, participants' reasons for not getting vaccinated focused on perceived behavioral control (e.g., time cost) and attitudes (e.g., unimportance and low susceptibility). Theoretical implications for message development are discussed.
本项两波纵向研究（在 COVID-19 之前进行）采用定量和定性数据，利用计划行为理论（TPB）调查了大学生对流感疫苗的犹豫和信心。在第 1 时间点，大学生（n=277）完成了 TPB 措施，并报告了过去的流感疫苗接种行为。在第 2 时间点（30 天后），参与者表示自第 1 时间点以来是否接种了流感疫苗。在第 2 时间点，表明自第 1 时间点以来未接种流感疫苗的参与者还描述了他们不这样做的最重要原因。TPB 模型很好地拟合了定量数据；态度和规范对意图的直接影响，以及意图对未来行为的直接影响，都很强且具有统计学意义。TPB 模型解释了意图的 71%和未来行为的 28%的方差。感知行为控制和过去行为都没有提高模型预测意图或未来行为的能力。从定性数据来看，参与者不接种疫苗的原因主要集中在感知行为控制（例如，时间成本）和态度（例如，不重要和低易感性）上。讨论了对信息开发的理论意义。
