Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Galloyl Derivatives and Antidiabetic Activities of .

Chromatographic isolation of the 80% MeOH extract of (AG) yielded seven galloyl derivatives: gallic acid (), ginnalin B (), acertannin (), maplexin D (), maplexin E (), quercetin-3--(2''-galloyl)--L-rhamnopyranoside (), and kaempferol-3--(2''-galloyl)--L-rhamnopyranoside (). This is the first study to report the isolation of compounds and from AG. Galloyl derivatives - exhibited potent radical scavenging activities, with and showing particularly strong inhibitory activities against nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharides- (LPS-) stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In addition, oral administration of AG extract (500 mg/kg b.w.) improved symptoms of hyperglycemia and blunted the increases in serum GOT/GPT levels in a rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. These results suggest that galloyl derivatives (-) are antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents and that AG extract has potential as a functional material or novel herbal medicine for treating diabetes mellitus.