Ouanes Sami, Castelao Enrique, von Gunten Armin, Vidal Pedro M, Preisig Martin, Popp Julius
Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland.
Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland.
Front Aging Neurosci. 2017 Mar 14;9:63. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00063. eCollection 2017.
Certain personality traits, in particular higher neuroticism, have been associated, on one hand, with elevated cortisol levels, and on the other hand, with poorer cognitive performance. At the same time, several studies highlighted the association between high cortisol and poor cognitive functioning. Here, we hypothesized that increased cortisol may be associated with poorer cognition and with certain personality traits (mainly high neuroticism), and that personality might explain the association between cortisol and cognition. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from Colaus/PsyColaus, a population-based study involving residents of Lausanne, Switzerland. Salivary cortisol samples (upon waking, 30 min after waking, at 11 am and at 8 pm) along with cognitive and personality measures were obtained from 643 non-demented participants aged at least 65. Personality traits were assessed using the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). We examined the links between the cortisol Area under the Curve (AUC), the Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes (CDRSOB) and the NEO-FFI scores. No association was found between personality traits and the CDRSOB or the MMSE score, controlling for age, sex, depression, education and BMI. However, the executive functioning domain -score was negatively associated with agreeableness ( = 0.005; slope = -0.107 [-0.181; -0.033]) and openness ( = 0.029; slope = -0.081 [-0.154; -0.008]) after controlling for age, sex, depression, education and BMI. The CDRSOB score was positively associated with the cortisol AUC after controlling for age, sex, BMI, education and depression, ( = 0.003; slope = 0.686 [0.240; 1.333]). This association remained significant after controlling for personality traits and for the interaction between personality traits and the cortisol AUC ( = 0.006; slope = 0.792 [0.233; 1.352]. High agreeableness and openness might be associated with poorer executive performance in later life. Increased cortisol may be associated with both specific personality traits (high extraversion, low openness) and worse cognitive performance. Increased salivary cortisol does not mediate the relationship between personality traits and cognitive impairment.
某些人格特质，尤其是较高的神经质，一方面与皮质醇水平升高有关，另一方面与较差的认知表现有关。同时，多项研究强调了高皮质醇与认知功能不良之间的关联。在此，我们假设皮质醇升高可能与较差的认知以及某些人格特质（主要是高神经质）有关，并且人格可能解释了皮质醇与认知之间的关联。我们使用来自Colaus/PsyColaus的数据进行了横断面分析，这是一项基于瑞士洛桑居民的人群研究。从643名年龄至少65岁的非痴呆参与者中获取了唾液皮质醇样本（醒来时、醒来后30分钟、上午11点和晚上8点）以及认知和人格测量数据。使用NEO五因素问卷（NEO-FFI）评估人格特质。我们研究了皮质醇曲线下面积（AUC）、临床痴呆评定框总和（CDRSOB）与NEO-FFI分数之间的联系。在控制年龄、性别、抑郁、教育程度和体重指数后，未发现人格特质与CDRSOB或简易精神状态检查表（MMSE）分数之间存在关联。然而，在控制年龄、性别、抑郁、教育程度和体重指数后，执行功能领域得分与宜人性（P = 0.005；斜率 = -0.107 [-0.181；-0.033]）和开放性（P = 0.029；斜率 = -0.081 [-0.154；-0.008]）呈负相关。在控制年龄、性别、体重指数、教育程度和抑郁后，CDRSOB得分与皮质醇AUC呈正相关，（P = 0.003；斜率 = 0.686 [0.240；1.333]）。在控制人格特质以及人格特质与皮质醇AUC之间的相互作用后，这种关联仍然显著（P = 0.006；斜率 = 0.792 [0.233；1.352]）。高宜人性和开放性可能与晚年较差的执行能力有关。皮质醇升高可能与特定的人格特质（高外向性、低开放性）和较差的认知表现都有关。唾液皮质醇升高并未介导人格特质与认知障碍之间的关系。
