Pérez Silvia, Peñate Wenceslao, Bethencourt Juan M, Fumero Ascensión
Psicología Clínica, Psicobiología y Metodología, Universidad de La Laguna La Laguna, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2017 Mar 14;8:372. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00372. eCollection 2017.
It is well-known that traumatic events and adverse life situations are very important in both physical and psychological health. Prevalence studies suggested that adolescents experience at least one potentially traumatic event before reaching age 18. The paradigm of research centered on expressive writing has evidenced the beneficial effects that the emotional disclosure of previous traumas produces on physical health and psychological adjustment. The aims of the study are threefold: determining the prevalence of adverse or traumatic events; examining the extent to which psychopathological symptoms developed in those exposed to traumatic events; and exploring an verbal emotional disclosure (VED) paradigm in which variations on time spent talking about traumatic experiences to others resulted in a reduction of the psychological impact of trauma in a sample of Spanish adolescents. 422 volunteer adolescents participated, 226 boys and 192 girls, from 10 to 19 years old, all of them living in Tenerife. The mean age was 14.8 years ( = 1.83). All of them completed the instruments used to assess the psychological impact of traumatic experiences and VED. The main results indicated that 77% of the participants had suffered a traumatic situation. The participants who have been exposed to traumatic events scored significantly higher in measures of post-traumatic stress, disorder, intrusive thoughts, avoidance behaviors, anxiety and depression, compared to those without trauma. Furthermore, results show a decrease in symptomatology scores as a function of time spent disclosing emotional experiences to others, particularly when disclosure occurred several times. In conclusion, stressful events or traumatic experiences and their concomitant emotional effects are highly prevalent in adolescents, and repeated VED to others appears to ameliorate their impact. VED shows greater therapeutic benefits when adolescents narrate the experience on several occasions and in an extensive way.
众所周知，创伤性事件和不良生活状况对身心健康都非常重要。患病率研究表明，青少年在18岁之前至少经历过一次潜在的创伤性事件。以表达性写作为中心的研究范式已经证明，对既往创伤进行情感披露对身体健康和心理调适具有有益影响。本研究的目的有三个：确定不良或创伤性事件的患病率；检查暴露于创伤性事件的人群中精神病理症状的发展程度；探索一种言语情感披露（VED）范式，即与他人谈论创伤经历的时间变化会减少西班牙青少年样本中创伤的心理影响。422名青少年志愿者参与了研究，其中226名男孩和192名女孩，年龄在10至19岁之间，他们都生活在特内里费岛。平均年龄为14.8岁（标准差=1.83）。他们都完成了用于评估创伤经历和VED心理影响的工具。主要结果表明，77%的参与者曾经历过创伤性情况。与未经历创伤的参与者相比，经历过创伤性事件的参与者在创伤后应激、障碍、侵入性思维、回避行为、焦虑和抑郁的测量中得分显著更高。此外，结果显示，症状评分随着向他人披露情感经历的时间而降低，尤其是当披露多次发生时。总之，压力事件或创伤经历及其伴随的情感影响在青少年中非常普遍，向他人反复进行VED似乎可以减轻其影响。当青少年多次广泛地叙述经历时，VED显示出更大的治疗益处。
