Pina Rodrigues Ana, Rebola José, Jorge Helena, Ribeiro Maria José, Pereira Marcelino, Castelo-Branco Miguel, van Asselen Marieke
a Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI) , Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.
b Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.
Cogn Neuropsychol. 2017 Feb-Mar;34(1-2):42-51. doi: 10.1080/02643294.2017.1299001. Epub 2017 Mar 29.
The ineffective exclusion of surrounding noise has been proposed to underlie the reading deficits in developmental dyslexia. However, previous studies supporting this hypothesis focused on low-level visual tasks, providing only an indirect link of noise interference on reading processes. In this study, we investigated the effect of noise on regular, irregular, and pseudoword reading in 23 dyslexic children and 26 age- and IQ-matched controls, by applying the white noise displays typically used to validate this theory to a lexical decision task. Reading performance and eye movements were measured. Results showed that white noise did not consistently affect dyslexic readers more than typical readers. Noise affected more dyslexic than typical readers in terms of reading accuracy, but it affected more typical than dyslexic readers in terms of response time and eye movements (number of fixations and regressions). Furthermore, in typical readers, noise affected more the speed of reading of pseudowords than real words. These results suggest a particular impact of noise on the sub-lexical reading route where attention has to be deployed to individual letters. The use of a lexical route would reduce the effect of noise. A differential impact of noise between words and pseudowords may therefore not be evident in dyslexic children if they are not yet proficient in using the lexical route. These findings indicate that the type of reading stimuli and consequent reading strategies play an important role in determining the effects of noise interference in reading processing and should be taken into account by further studies.
周围噪音排除无效被认为是发展性阅读障碍中阅读缺陷的潜在原因。然而，先前支持这一假设的研究集中在低水平视觉任务上，仅提供了噪音干扰与阅读过程之间的间接联系。在本研究中，我们通过将通常用于验证该理论的白噪音显示应用于词汇判断任务，调查了噪音对23名阅读障碍儿童和26名年龄及智商匹配的对照组儿童的规则词、不规则词和假词阅读的影响。测量了阅读表现和眼动情况。结果表明，白噪音对阅读障碍读者的影响并不总是比普通读者更大。在阅读准确性方面，噪音对阅读障碍读者的影响大于普通读者，但在反应时间和眼动（注视次数和回视次数）方面，它对普通读者的影响大于阅读障碍读者。此外，在普通读者中，噪音对假词阅读速度的影响大于真词。这些结果表明，噪音对次词汇阅读路径有特别的影响，在该路径中需要将注意力分配到单个字母上。使用词汇路径会减少噪音的影响。因此，如果阅读障碍儿童尚未熟练使用词汇路径，那么单词和假词之间噪音的差异影响可能并不明显。这些发现表明，阅读刺激的类型以及随之而来的阅读策略在确定噪音干扰对阅读加工的影响方面起着重要作用，后续研究应予以考虑。
