Dobbs K K
University of Alabama, School of Nursing, Birmingham.
J Nurs Educ. 1988 Apr;27(4):167-71. doi: 10.3928/0148-4834-19880401-07.
This study supported the effectiveness of a senior preceptorship experience as a method for promoting anticipatory socialization to the working role of professional nurses. Anticipatory socialization was evidenced by changes in role expectations and self-image. Corwin's Nursing Role Conception Scale was administered to 103 generic baccalaureate nursing students immediately prior to and after their final clinical course, a preceptorship experience. A significant decrease in perceived role deprivation (p less than .01) and a significant increase in the work-centered role models (p less than .01) indicated changes in students' self-image and role expectations. For many nurses, the most stressful time of their career was the period immediately after graduation. A difficult period of transition from student to practitioner is not unique to nursing. But, it seems to be more of a problem for baccalaureate nurse graduates than for other nurse graduates (Schmalenberg & Kramer, 1979). Pregraduation preceptorship is an increasingly popular approach for dealing with this problem. While nursing education, service, and students applaud the preceptorship experience as easing role transition, there is little research data to document this belief.
本研究支持了高级带教实习经历作为一种促进专业护士对工作角色进行预期社会化的方法的有效性。角色期望和自我形象的变化证明了预期社会化的存在。在103名普通学士学位护理专业学生的最后临床课程（一次带教实习经历）之前和之后，立即对他们进行了科温护理角色概念量表测试。感知到的角色剥夺显著降低（p小于0.01），以工作为中心的榜样显著增加（p小于0.01），这表明学生的自我形象和角色期望发生了变化。对许多护士来说，其职业生涯中压力最大的时期是毕业后的 immediately 时期。从学生到从业者的艰难过渡时期并非护理行业所独有。但是，对于学士学位护士毕业生来说，这似乎比其他护士毕业生更是一个问题（施马伦贝格和克莱默，1979年）。毕业前带教实习是解决这个问题越来越受欢迎的方法。虽然护理教育、服务和学生都称赞带教实习经历有助于缓解角色转变，但几乎没有研究数据来证明这一观点。
