Li X H, Wang A H, Leng P B, Bian G L
Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Risk Appraisal for Trace Toxic Chemicals, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, China.
Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 2017 Feb 20;35(2):122-126. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-9391.2017.02.010.
To investigate the incidence, distribution features, and incidence trend of occupational diseases in Ningbo, China, from 2006 to 2015. In February 2016, the data on occupational disease report cards in the occupational disease and occupational health information system from 2006 to 2015 were collected to perform a comprehensive analysis of the types, incidence trend, population characteristics, and enterprise characteristics of occupational diseases. There were 845 new cases of occupational diseases in Ningbo from 2006 to 2015, among which 596 (70.53%) were pneumoconiosis; there were 445 (74.66%) cases of stage I pneumoconiosis, 73 (12.25%) cases of stage II pneumoconiosis, and 78 (13.09%) cases of stage III pneumoconiosis; silicosis (59.76%) was the most common type of pneumoconiosis. Of all patients with occupational diseases, 84.97% were male, 64.50%were aged 35-55 years, and 63.67% had 5-20 working years. Most of the patients with occupational diseases worked in small and medium-sized private (or foreign) enterprises; the most common industries were black metal smelting and rolling (38.76%) , construction (17.11%) , and non-metallic ore mining (13.09%) . A total of 51.28%, 10.26%, and 7.69% of the patients with occupational poisoning worked in the electric apparatus manufacturing industry, furniture manufacturing industry, and chemical raw material and chemical product manufacturing industry, respectively. The cases of occupational diseases are mainly distributed in Yuyao City (24.62%) , Yinzhou District (23.91%) , and Ninghai County (15.62%) . Pneumoconiosis is the most common type of occupational disease in Ningbo and most of these patients work in small and medium-sized private (or foreign) enterprises. The supervision of small and medium-sized private enterprises should be enhanced to protect workers' health.
为调查2006年至2015年中国宁波职业病的发病率、分布特征及发病趋势。2016年2月，收集职业病与职业健康信息系统中2006年至2015年的职业病报告卡数据，对职业病的类型、发病趋势、人群特征及企业特征进行综合分析。2006年至2015年宁波新增职业病病例845例，其中尘肺病596例（70.53%）；一期尘肺病445例（74.66%），二期尘肺病73例（12.25%），三期尘肺病78例（13.09%）；矽肺病（59.76%）是最常见的尘肺病类型。在所有职业病患者中，84.97%为男性，64.50%年龄在35至55岁之间，63.67%有5至20年工作年限。大多数职业病患者在中小私营（或外资）企业工作；最常见的行业是黑色金属冶炼及压延加工业（38.76%）、建筑业（17.11%）和非金属矿采选业（13.09%）。职业中毒患者分别有51.28%、10.26%和7.69%在电气机械制造业、家具制造业和化学原料及化学制品制造业工作。职业病病例主要分布在余姚市（24.62%）、鄞州区（23.91%）和宁海县（15.62%）。尘肺病是宁波最常见的职业病类型，这些患者大多在中小私营（或外资）企业工作。应加强对中小私营企业的监管，以保护工人健康。
