Shaw Daniel L
Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT.
Yale J Biol Med. 2017 Mar 29;90(1):147-151. eCollection 2017 Mar.
Traditional drug development models are widely perceived as opaque and inefficient, with the cost of research and development continuing to rise even as production of new drugs stays constant. Searching for strategies to improve the drug discovery process, the biomedical research field has begun to embrace open strategies. The resulting changes are starting to reshape the industry. Open science-an umbrella term for diverse strategies that seek external input and public engagement-has become an essential tool with researchers, who are increasingly turning to collaboration, crowdsourcing, data sharing, and open sourcing to tackle some of the most pressing problems in medicine. Notable examples of such open drug development include initiatives formed around malaria and tropical disease. Open practices have found their way into the drug discovery process, from target identification and compound screening to clinical trials. This perspective argues that while open science poses some risks-which include the management of collaboration and the protection of proprietary data-these strategies are, in many cases, the more efficient and ethical way to conduct biomedical research.
传统的药物研发模式被广泛认为是不透明且低效的，即便新药产量保持不变，研发成本却持续攀升。为寻求改善药物发现过程的策略，生物医学研究领域已开始采用开放策略。由此带来的变化正开始重塑该行业。开放科学——一个涵盖寻求外部投入和公众参与的各种策略的统称——已成为研究人员的一项重要工具，他们越来越多地借助合作、众包、数据共享和开源来解决医学中一些最紧迫的问题。此类开放药物研发的显著例子包括围绕疟疾和热带病开展的项目。开放实践已融入药物发现过程，从靶点识别、化合物筛选到临床试验。这一观点认为，虽然开放科学存在一些风险——包括合作管理和专有数据保护——但在许多情况下，这些策略是开展生物医学研究更高效且更符合伦理的方式。
