Aviezer Ora, Sher-Censor Efrat, Stein-Lahad Tahel
a Department of Educational Consulting , Oranim Academic College of Education , Tivon , Israel.
b Center for the Study of Child Development , University of Haifa , Haifa , Israel.
Memory. 2017 Nov;25(10):1375-1389. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2017.1307991. Epub 2017 Mar 30.
Culture and parenting shape the ability to recall early childhood experiences. This research focused on the unique context of upbringing in the Israeli kibbutz and examined how cultural orientation and experiences of parental engagement in Kibbutz and non-Kibbutz settings shaped adults' earliest memories. Participants were 108 women (study 1) and 75 women and men (study 2) who were raised in traditional kibbutz upbringing or in a non-kibbutz family setting. In addition to reporting their earliest memory and age at earliest memory, participants estimated retrospectively the amount of daily time spent in interaction with parents, caregivers, and other children during the time of earliest memory. Overall, upbringing-related variations in cultural orientation were evident in the content of memories. A prediction of later age at earliest memory due to limited opportunities for parent-child interaction characteristic of traditional kibbutz upbringing was not supported. Rather, in both studies, age at earliest memory was linked to retrospective estimation of parental engagement, after controlling for childhood ecology. Study 2 revealed also a link of age at earliest memory to retrospective estimation of involvement with non-parental caregivers. These findings are congruent with the social-interaction model's claims about the importance of interaction with caregiving adults to autobiographical memory's development.
文化和养育方式塑造了回忆童年早期经历的能力。这项研究聚焦于以色列基布兹独特的成长环境，考察了基布兹和非基布兹环境下的文化取向以及父母参与的经历如何塑造成年人最早的记忆。研究1的参与者为108名女性，研究2的参与者为75名女性和男性，他们分别在传统的基布兹养育环境或非基布兹家庭环境中长大。除了报告他们最早的记忆及最早记忆发生时的年龄，参与者还回顾性地估计了最早记忆发生期间每天与父母、照顾者及其他孩子互动的时长。总体而言，与养育相关的文化取向差异在记忆内容中很明显。传统基布兹养育方式中亲子互动机会有限会导致最早记忆的年龄较晚这一预测未得到支持。相反，在两项研究中，在控制童年生态因素后，最早记忆的年龄与对父母参与度的回顾性估计有关。研究2还揭示了最早记忆的年龄与对非父母照顾者参与度的回顾性估计之间的联系。这些发现与社会互动模型中关于与照顾性成年人互动对自传体记忆发展的重要性的观点一致。
