Scolnick Edward M
Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
FASEB J. 2017 Apr;31(4):1254-1259. doi: 10.1096/fj.201700028.
Schizophrenia and bipolar illness are two of the most serious forms of mental illness. Until relatively recently, almost nothing was known about the molecular pathogenesis of either illness. The single largest risk factor that predisposes people to schizophrenia or bipolar illness is genetic risk. Heritability is high, and the incidence is significantly higher in identical twins than in nonidentical twins. Despite decades of work aimed at identifying the genes involved in these two illnesses, virtually no progress had been made until the past decade. With the knowledge and technologies that have been gained from the Human Genome Project, it has been possible to begin to understand the underlying genetics and to use the new information to begin the effort to discover new and better medicines to treat these illnesses. This article will describe the past decade of work toward this goal and articulate both the promise that now exists and what is still needed to bring dramatic and tangible change to patients.-Scolnick, E. M. The path to new therapies for schizophrenia and bipolar illness.
精神分裂症和双相情感障碍是两种最严重的精神疾病形式。直到最近，人们对这两种疾病的分子发病机制几乎一无所知。使人们易患精神分裂症或双相情感障碍的最大单一风险因素是遗传风险。遗传度很高，同卵双胞胎的发病率明显高于异卵双胞胎。尽管数十年来一直致力于确定与这两种疾病相关的基因，但直到过去十年几乎没有取得任何进展。借助人类基因组计划所获得的知识和技术，人们有可能开始了解潜在的遗传学，并利用这些新信息开始努力发现治疗这些疾病的更新、更好的药物。本文将描述过去十年为实现这一目标所做的工作，并阐明目前存在的希望以及为给患者带来显著而切实的改变仍需要做些什么。——斯科尔尼克，E.M.《精神分裂症和双相情感障碍新疗法之路》
