Macneil M D, Alexander L J, Kantanen J, Ammosov I A, Ivanova Z I, Popov R G, Ozerov M, Millbrooke A, Cronin M A
Delta G, 145 Ice Cave Rd, Miles City, MT 59301, USA.
J Genet. 2017 Mar;96(1):47-51. doi: 10.1007/s12041-016-0739-6.
Feral cattle residing in Chirikof Island, Alaska, are relatively distinct from breeds used in commercial production in North America. However, preliminary evidence suggested that they exhibit substantial genetic relationship with cattle from Yakutian region of Siberia. Thus, our objective was to further elucidate quantify the origins, admixture and divergence of the Chirikof Island cattle relative to cattle from Siberia and USA. Subject animals were genotyped at 15 microsatellite loci. Compared with Turano-Mongolian and North American cattle, Chirikof Island cattle had similar variation, with slightly less observed heterozygosity, fewer alleles per locus and a positive fixation index. Analysis of the genetic distances revealed two primary clusters; one that contained the North American breeds and the Kazakh White head, and a second that contained the Yakutian and Kalmyk breeds, and the Chirikof population. Thus, it is suggested that Chirikof Island cattle may be a composite of British breeds emanating from North America and Turano-Mongolian cattle. A potential founder effect, consistent with historical records of the Russian-American period, may contribute to the adaptation of the Chirikof Island cattle to their harsh high-latitude environment. Further study of adaptive mechanisms manifest by these cattle is warranted.
生活在阿拉斯加奇里科夫岛的野生牛与北美商业生产中使用的品种有较大差异。然而，初步证据表明它们与西伯利亚雅库特地区的牛存在显著的遗传关系。因此，我们的目标是进一步阐明并量化奇里科夫岛牛相对于西伯利亚和美国牛的起源、混合情况及分化程度。对受试动物在15个微卫星位点进行基因分型。与图兰 - 蒙古牛和北美牛相比，奇里科夫岛牛具有相似的变异程度，观察到的杂合度略低，每个位点的等位基因较少且固定指数为正。遗传距离分析揭示了两个主要聚类；一个包含北美品种和哈萨克白头牛，另一个包含雅库特和卡尔梅克品种以及奇里科夫种群。因此，有人认为奇里科夫岛牛可能是源自北美的英国品种和图兰 - 蒙古牛的混合体。与俄美时期历史记录相符的潜在奠基者效应，可能有助于奇里科夫岛牛适应其恶劣的高纬度环境。有必要对这些牛所表现出的适应机制进行进一步研究。
