Öngel Atar Ayça, Yalçin Özhan, Uygun Ersin, Çiftçi Demirci Arzu, Erdoğan Ayten
Clinic of Psychiatry, Bakırköy Psychiatric Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey.
Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bakırköy Psychiatric Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey.
Noro Psikiyatr Ars. 2016 Mar;53(1):38-44. doi: 10.5152/npa.2015.8750. Epub 2016 Mar 1.
Family structure and family attitudes have been reported to be important factors in the development of substance use disorders. In this study, we aimed to assess the relationship between substance use and family functions, parental attitude, and parental dyadic adjustment of adolescents with substance use disorder.
The study was conducted on 50 patients, comprising 9 female and 41 male adolescents between the ages of 14 and 18 years, treated at Bakırköy Mental Health Hospital, Substance Abuse Research, Treatment and Education Center for Children Adolescents (ÇEMATEM), Turkey, with the diagnosis of substance use disorder according to DSM-5 and their parents and a control group comprising 50 healthy adolescents without any psychopathology or substance use disorder and their parents. The study was designed as a matched case-control study for age and gender. Sociodemographic Data Form (SDF), Parental Attitude Scale (PAS), Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), and Family Assessment Device (FAD) were applied to both groups.
When the study and control groups were compared with regard to the PAS, the study group scores determined for "involvement-acceptance," "psychological autonomy," and "control-supervision" dimensions were significantly lower than the control group scores. Compared with the control group, dyadic adjustment was lower in terms of "dyadic cohesion," "dyadic consensus," and "affectional expression." Living with biological parents and the togetherness of parents were lower in the study group. "Problem solving," "communication," "roles," "affective responsiveness," "affective involvement," "behavior control," and "general functioning" dimension scores according to FAD were also significantly higher in the study group.
Compared with togetherness of the controls, the dyadic adjustment of their parents was lower and family functions as perceived by the parents and adolescents were unhealthier in the adolescents using substances. These findings indicate that the family functions, dyadic adjustment, and parental attitude styles need to be assessed in the risk groups to determine familial risk factors and to structure protective measures. These assessments may guide clinicians and policy-makers toward good clinical practice and help build protective measures.
据报道，家庭结构和家庭态度是物质使用障碍发展的重要因素。在本研究中，我们旨在评估物质使用与患有物质使用障碍青少年的家庭功能、父母态度及父母二元调适之间的关系。
该研究对50名患者进行，其中包括9名女性和41名年龄在14至18岁之间的男性青少年，他们在土耳其巴克尔柯伊心理健康医院儿童青少年物质滥用研究、治疗与教育中心（ÇEMATEM）接受治疗，根据《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第5版被诊断为物质使用障碍，以及他们的父母；还有一个对照组，由50名没有任何精神病理学或物质使用障碍的健康青少年及其父母组成。该研究设计为年龄和性别匹配的病例对照研究。对两组均应用社会人口统计学数据表格（SDF）、父母态度量表（PAS）、二元调适量表（DAS）和家庭评估工具（FAD）。
在PAS方面对研究组和对照组进行比较时，研究组在“参与 - 接纳”、“心理自主性”和“控制 - 监督”维度的得分显著低于对照组得分。与对照组相比，在“二元凝聚力”、“二元共识”和“情感表达”方面二元调适较低。研究组中与亲生父母同住以及父母在一起的情况较少。根据FAD，研究组在“问题解决”、“沟通”、“角色”、“情感反应性”、“情感参与”、“行为控制”和“总体功能”维度的得分也显著更高。
与对照组的父母团聚情况相比，使用物质的青少年的父母二元调适较低，且父母和青少年所感知的家庭功能更不健康。这些发现表明，需要在风险群体中评估家庭功能、二元调适和父母态度风格，以确定家庭风险因素并构建保护措施。这些评估可能会指导临床医生和政策制定者采取良好的临床实践，并有助于构建保护措施。
