Pardi Daniel, Buman Matthew, Black Jed, Lammers Gert Jan, Zeitzer Jamie M
Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University. Phoenix, AZ.
Sleep. 2017 Feb 1;40(2). doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsw039.
To determine the relationship between an ecologically-relevant change in sleep behavior and its subsequent effects on daytime alertness and feeding behavior.
Fifty healthy, young participants (10 male, 40 female) completed two 3-hour study sessions that were at least five days apart. The first session was a baseline evaluation. On the night prior to Session 2, the amount of time in bed was manipulated to be 60%-130% of the individual's habitual sleep time. Within both sessions, subjective (Stanford Sleepiness Scale) and objective (Psychomotor Vigilance Test) alertness were measured. During the middle of each session, a 40-minute ad libitum meal opportunity allowed participants to eat from eight different food items. Food healthfulness, caloric density, distribution, and number of calories were measured and compared to alertness levels.
The induced variation in time in bed resulted in induced variation in both subjective and objective (p < .05) measures of alertness. Decreased subjective alertness was associated with increased total caloric consumption (p < .05), and a greater number of calories consumed from less healthy food (p < .05), as rated by both the investigators and by the participant. Decreased objective alertness was associated with less healthy food choices (p < .05), and the consumption of more food from the calorically-dense items (p < .05).
Ecologically-relevant impairments in subjective and objective alertness are associated with increased caloric intake and dysfunctional eating decisions. People experiencing reduced alertness after modest sleep loss may be more willing to eat food they recognize as less healthful, and appear to prefer more calorically-dense foods.
确定睡眠行为中与生态相关的变化及其对日间警觉性和进食行为的后续影响之间的关系。
五十名健康的年轻参与者（10名男性，40名女性）完成了两个相隔至少五天的3小时研究阶段。第一个阶段是基线评估。在第二阶段的前一晚，卧床时间被控制在个体习惯睡眠时间的60%-130%。在两个阶段中，均测量了主观（斯坦福嗜睡量表）和客观（精神运动警觉性测试）警觉性。在每个阶段的中间，有40分钟的随意用餐时间，让参与者从八种不同的食物中进食。测量并比较了食物的健康程度、热量密度、分布以及卡路里数量与警觉性水平。
卧床时间的诱导性变化导致主观和客观警觉性测量值均出现诱导性变化（p < 0.05）。主观警觉性降低与总热量消耗增加（p < 0.05）以及从不健康食物中摄入的卡路里数量增加（p < 0.05）相关，这是由研究人员和参与者评定的。客观警觉性降低与不健康的食物选择（p < 0.05）以及从高热量食物中摄入更多食物（p < 0.05）相关。
主观和客观警觉性方面与生态相关的损害与热量摄入增加和功能失调的饮食决策有关。在适度睡眠不足后警觉性降低的人可能更愿意食用他们认为不太健康的食物，并且似乎更喜欢热量更高的食物。
