Lambe Jennifer Lynn
Bull Hist Med. 2017;91(1):62-93. doi: 10.1353/bhm.2017.0003.
This article traces the battle over Freud within Cuban psychiatry from its pre-1959 origins through the "disappearance" of Freud by the early 1970s. It devotes particular attention to the visit of two Soviet psychiatrists to Cuba in the early 1960s as part of a broader campaign to promote Pavlov. The decade-long controversy over Freud responded to both theoretical and political concerns. If for some Freud represented political conservatism and theoretical mystification, Pavlov held out the promise of a dialectical materialist future. Meanwhile, other psychiatrists clung to psychodynamic perspectives, or at least the possibility of heterogeneity. The Freudians would end up on the losing side of this battle, with many departing Cuba over the course of the 1960s. But banishing Freud did not necessarily make for stalwart Pavlovians-or vanguard revolutionaries. Psychiatry would find itself relegated to a handmaiden position in the work of revolutionary mental engineering, with the government itself occupying the vanguard.
本文追溯了古巴精神病学领域围绕弗洛伊德展开的斗争，从其1959年前的起源一直到20世纪70年代初弗洛伊德的“消失”。本文特别关注20世纪60年代初两位苏联精神病学家访问古巴的事件，这是推广巴甫洛夫的更广泛运动的一部分。长达十年的关于弗洛伊德的争论回应了理论和政治两方面的关切。对一些人来说，弗洛伊德代表着政治保守主义和理论神秘化，而巴甫洛夫则预示着辩证唯物主义的未来。与此同时，其他精神病学家坚持心理动力学观点，或者至少坚持存在异质性的可能性。弗洛伊德主义者最终在这场斗争中败北，许多人在20世纪60年代离开了古巴。但是摒弃弗洛伊德并不一定就能造就坚定的巴甫洛夫主义者或先锋革命者。精神病学在革命精神工程工作中沦为配角，而政府本身占据着先锋地位。
