McManus Benjamin, Heaton Karen, Stavrinos Despina
Translational Research for Injury Prevention Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham.
School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham.
J Exp Psychol Appl. 2017 Jun;23(2):191-203. doi: 10.1037/xap0000120. Epub 2017 Apr 3.
Commercial motor vehicle (CMV) drivers often multitask when driving to increase travel efficiency and to increase alertness. Secondary tasks have been shown to impact CMV driving differentially, and attentional resources have been posited as a key factor. However, underlying mechanisms of secondary task engagement on attention and task performance have not been fully examined. Additionally, it is unknown if attentional control moderates these differential effects of secondary tasks and task performance. The current study aimed to examine decrements in driving performance from a resource-control theory by determining the specific relation between attentional resources and attentional control. To achieve this goal, 2 objectives were determined. Objective 1 considered the differential impact of secondary tasks on attentional resources in CMV driving performance. Objective 2 investigated individual differences in attentional control in the sample of CMV drivers. Fifty CMV drivers (Mage = 39.8 years, SD = 8.36) completed the 10-min psychomotor vigilance task providing measures of attentional control and also drove in a CMV driving simulator 4 times while presented with 1 of 4 secondary tasks. Findings linked secondary tasks to attentional resources, which, consequently affected CMV driving performance. The mediating effect of attentional resources significantly differed among varying levels of attentional control. (PsycINFO Database Record
商用机动车（CMV）驾驶员在驾驶时经常进行多项任务，以提高出行效率和警觉性。次要任务已被证明对CMV驾驶有不同的影响，注意力资源被认为是一个关键因素。然而，次要任务参与对注意力和任务绩效的潜在机制尚未得到充分研究。此外，注意力控制是否调节次要任务和任务绩效的这些差异效应尚不清楚。当前的研究旨在通过确定注意力资源与注意力控制之间的具体关系，从资源控制理论的角度研究驾驶绩效的下降情况。为实现这一目标，确定了两个目标。目标1考虑了次要任务对CMV驾驶绩效中注意力资源的不同影响。目标2调查了CMV驾驶员样本中注意力控制的个体差异。50名CMV驾驶员（年龄中位数 = 39.8岁，标准差 = 8.36）完成了10分钟的心理运动警觉任务，以提供注意力控制的测量指标，并在CMV驾驶模拟器中驾驶4次，同时呈现4种次要任务中的1种。研究结果将次要任务与注意力资源联系起来，从而影响了CMV驾驶绩效。注意力资源的中介作用在不同水平的注意力控制之间存在显著差异。（PsycINFO数据库记录）
