Centre for Skin Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK.
Unilever R&D Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, UK.
Exp Dermatol. 2017 Jun;26(6):483-490. doi: 10.1111/exd.13347.
Hair fibres show wide diversity across and within all human populations, suggesting that hair fibre form and colour have been subject to much adaptive pressure over thousands of years. All human hair fibres typically have the same basic structure. However, the three-dimensional shape of the entire fibre varies considerably depending on ethnicity and geography, with examples from very straight hair with no rotational turn about the long axis, to the tightly sprung coils of African races. The creation of the highly complex biomaterials in hair follicle and how these confer mechanical functions on the fibre so formed is a topic that remains relatively unexplained thus far. We review the current understanding on how hair fibres are formed into a nonlinear coiled form and which genetic and biological factors are thought to be responsible for hair shape. We report on a new GWAS comparing low and high curl individuals in South Africa, revealing strong links to polymorphic variation in trichohyalin, a copper transporter protein CUTC and the inner root sheath component keratin 74. This builds onto the growing knowledge base describing the control of curly hair formation.
头发纤维在所有人类群体中表现出广泛的多样性，这表明头发纤维的形态和颜色在数千年中受到了大量适应性压力的影响。所有人类头发纤维通常具有相同的基本结构。然而，整个纤维的三维形状因种族和地理位置而异，从非常直的头发没有围绕长轴的旋转扭曲到非洲种族的紧密弹簧状卷发。毛发滤泡中高度复杂生物材料的形成以及这些生物材料如何赋予纤维机械功能是一个迄今为止仍然没有得到充分解释的话题。我们回顾了目前关于头发纤维如何形成非线性卷曲形式的理解，以及哪些遗传和生物学因素被认为是导致头发形状的原因。我们报告了一项比较南非低卷发和高卷发个体的新全基因组关联研究，结果强烈表明与毛角蛋白、铜转运蛋白 CUTC 和内根鞘成分角蛋白 74 的多态性变异有关。这增加了描述卷发形成控制的知识库。
