Wang Xiaman, Chen Hongli, Bai Ju, He Aili
Department of Clinical Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710004, P.R. China.
National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, Xi'an, P.R. China.
Cell Biol Int. 2017 Sep;41(9):936-945. doi: 10.1002/cbin.10770. Epub 2017 Aug 7.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a general class of endogenous non-coding RNAs with a length of 22 nucleotides, widely existing in diverse species and playing important roles in malignancies initiation and progression. MiRNAs are essential to many in vivo biological processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, immune response, and tumorigenesis. Significant progress till date has been made in understanding the roles of microRNAs in normal hematopoiesis and hematopoietic malignant diseases. In this review, we summarize the particular signatures of microRNAs in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with specific karyotype and the clinical significance of microRNAs in early diagnosis and treatment. MicroRNAs hypermethylation was also proved to correlate with the pathogenesis of AML. However, the target genes and exact pathways of microRNAs participating in these processes are still unknown and more efforts need to be made in the near future.
微小RNA（miRNA）是一类长度为22个核苷酸的内源性非编码RNA，广泛存在于多种物种中，并在恶性肿瘤的发生和发展中发挥重要作用。miRNA对许多体内生物学过程至关重要，如细胞增殖、凋亡、免疫反应和肿瘤发生。迄今为止，在了解微小RNA在正常造血和造血系统恶性疾病中的作用方面已取得重大进展。在本综述中，我们总结了具有特定核型的急性髓系白血病（AML）患者中微小RNA的特定特征以及微小RNA在早期诊断和治疗中的临床意义。微小RNA高甲基化也被证明与AML的发病机制相关。然而，参与这些过程的微小RNA的靶基因和确切途径仍然未知，在不久的将来还需要做出更多努力。
