Bents Dominik, Rybak Alexander, Groth Detlef
Department of Bioinformatics, University of Potsdam, Germany.
Anthropol Anz. 2017 Apr 1;74(1):65-69. doi: 10.1127/anthranz/2017/0700. Epub 2017 Apr 4.
We investigated height of Norwegian conscripts in view of the hypothesis of a "community effect on height" using autocorrelation analysis of district heights within a time-span of 20 years at the end of the 19 century and correlations between neighboring districts at this time. After digitalizing available body height data of Norwegian draftees in 1877-1878, 1880 (averaged as 1878), and 1895-1897 (averaged as 1896) we calculated the magnitude of autocorrelation of body height within the same municipality at different time points. Furthermore, we generated three different neighborhood networks, (1) based on Euclidean distances, (2) a minimum spanning tree build on those distances, (3) a network founded on real world road connections. The networks were used to determine the correlation between body height of neighboring districts depending on the number of edges required to connect two municipalities. The autocorrelation value for body heights was around r = 0.5 (for all < 0.001) in the years 1878 and 1896. The correlation between neighboring districts varied in the Euclidean distance based network between 0.47 and 0.27 approximately for both years in a sorted order, descending from nearest (0-50 km) to farthest (150-200 km, for all < 0.001). First order neighbors in the minimum spanning tree network correlation was 0.36 in 1878 and 0.42 in 1896 (for all < 0.001). The values of neighbor correlation in the road connection based network ranged in 1878 from 0.42 (first order neighbors) to 0.17 (forth order neighbors, for all < 0.01) and in 1896 from 0.46 (first order neighbors) to 0.12 (forth order neighbors, for all < 0.05). This initial study of Norwegian conscript height data from the 19 century showed significant medium sized effects for the within district autocorrelation between 1878 and 1896 as well as medium neighborhood correlation, slightly lower in comparison to a recent study regarding Swiss conscripts. Digitalizing more data from other years in this and later time spans as well as using older road and ship connections instead of the actual road data might stabilize and improve those findings.
我们基于“社区对身高的影响”这一假设，通过对19世纪末20年时间跨度内各地区身高数据进行自相关分析，以及当时相邻地区之间的相关性分析，对挪威应征入伍者的身高进行了研究。在将1877 - 1878年、1880年（平均为1878年）以及1895 - 1897年（平均为1896年）挪威应征入伍者的可用身高数据数字化后，我们计算了同一自治市在不同时间点身高的自相关程度。此外，我们生成了三种不同的邻域网络：（1）基于欧几里得距离；（2）基于这些距离构建的最小生成树；（3）基于现实世界道路连接的网络。这些网络用于根据连接两个自治市所需的边数来确定相邻地区身高之间的相关性。1878年和1896年身高的自相关值约为r = 0.5（所有p < 0.001）。在基于欧几里得距离的网络中，相邻地区之间的相关性在这两年中按排序顺序大致在0.47至0.27之间变化，从最近的（0 - 50公里）到最远的（150 - 200公里，所有p < 0.001）递减。最小生成树网络中一阶邻居的相关性在1878年为0.36，在1896年为0.42（所有p < 0.001）。基于道路连接的网络中邻居相关性的值在1878年从0.42（一阶邻居）到0.17（四阶邻居，所有p < 0.01），在1896年从0.46（一阶邻居）到0.12（四阶邻居，所有p < 0.05）。这项对19世纪挪威应征入伍者身高数据的初步研究表明，1878年至1896年期间地区内自相关以及邻域相关性存在显著的中等规模影响，与最近一项关于瑞士应征入伍者的研究相比略低。在这个及后续时间跨度内数字化更多其他年份的数据，以及使用旧的道路和船舶连接而非实际道路数据，可能会使这些发现更加稳定和完善。
