达巴特健康与人口监测系统站点6至24个月儿童的发育迟缓、消瘦及相关因素：埃塞俄比亚一项基于社区的横断面研究
Stunting, wasting and associated factors among children aged 6-24 months in Dabat health and demographic surveillance system site: A community based cross-sectional study in Ethiopia.
作者信息
Derso Terefe, Tariku Amare, Biks Gashaw Andargie, Wassie Molla Mesele
机构信息
Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Department of Health Service Management and Heath Economics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
出版信息
BMC Pediatr. 2017 Apr 4;17(1):96. doi: 10.1186/s12887-017-0848-2.
BACKGROUND
Though there is a marked decline in burden of undernutrition, about 44 and 10% of children under five are stunted and wasted, respectively in Ethiopia. The highest prevalence of wasting occurs in young children (6-23 months), however literature are limited in these population groups. Therefore, this study aimed to assess stunting, wasting and associated factors among children aged 6-24 months in Dabat Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) site, northwest Ethiopia.
METHODS
A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in Dabat HDSS site from May 01 to June 29, 2015. A total of 587 mother-child pairs were included in the study. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify factors associated with stunting and wasting, separately.
RESULTS
The prevalence of stunting and wasting among children aged 6-24 months were 58.1 and 17.0%, respectively. Poor wealth status [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 2.20; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.42, 3.40], unavailability of latrine [AOR = 1.76; 95% CI: 1.17, 2.66], child age: 12-24 months [AOR = 3.24; 95% CI: 2.24, 4.69], not receiving maternal postnatal vitamin-A supplementation [AOR = 1.54; 95%: 1.02, 2.33] and source of family food: own food production [AOR = 1.71; 95% CI: 1.14, 2.57] were significantly associated with higher odds of stunting. However, only history of diarrheal morbidity was significantly associated with wasting [AOR = 2.06; 95% CI: 1.29, 3.30].
CONCLUSIONS
In this community, the magnitude of stunting and wasting exists as a severe public health concern. Therefore, improving socio-economic status, latrine and maternal postnatal vitamin-supplementation coverage are essential to mitigate the high burden of stunting. Besides, reducing the childhood diarrheal morbidity as well as strengthening early diagnosis and management of the problem are crucial to curve the high prevalence of wasting.
背景
尽管营养不良负担显著下降，但在埃塞俄比亚，约44%和10%的五岁以下儿童分别发育迟缓、消瘦。消瘦发生率最高的是幼儿（6 - 23个月），然而针对这些人群的文献有限。因此，本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚西北部达巴特卫生和人口监测系统（HDSS）站点6 - 24个月儿童的发育迟缓、消瘦情况及相关因素。
方法
2015年5月1日至6月29日在达巴特HDSS站点开展了一项基于社区的横断面研究。共纳入587对母婴。分别进行多因素逻辑回归分析以确定与发育迟缓和消瘦相关的因素。
结果
6 - 24个月儿童的发育迟缓率和消瘦率分别为58.1%和17.0%。贫困的财富状况[调整优势比（AOR）= 2.20；95%置信区间（CI）：1.42，3.40]、无厕所[AOR = 1.76；95% CI：1.17，2.66]、儿童年龄：12 - 24个月[AOR = 3.24；95% CI：2.24，4.69]、未接受产妇产后维生素A补充[AOR = 1.54；95%：1.02，2.33]以及家庭食物来源：自家粮食生产[AOR = 1.71；95% CI：1.14，2.57]与发育迟缓几率较高显著相关。然而，只有腹泻发病史与消瘦显著相关[AOR = 2.06；95% CI：1.29，3.30]。
结论
在这个社区，发育迟缓和消瘦问题严重，是重大的公共卫生问题。因此，提高社会经济地位、改善厕所条件以及提高产妇产后维生素补充覆盖率对于减轻发育迟缓的高负担至关重要。此外，降低儿童腹泻发病率以及加强该问题的早期诊断和管理对于遏制高消瘦率至关重要。
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