Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, P.O.Box:272, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
BMC Public Health. 2024 Sep 19;24(1):2547. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-20063-1.
Globally, about 45 million under-five children have suffered from wasting where Asian and African countries have the major share of these wasted children. Despite wasting is affected all types of populations, the long and short term effect is more severe and sensitive in under-two aged children. Hence, this review was intended to assess pooled prevalence and associated factors of wasting among under-two children in Ethiopia.
The search was done using electronic data bases (Hinari, PubMed, Google scholar, Scopus) and research repositories from June 19-22/2023. The review included articles published between January 2013 and December 2023.The study included Cross-sectional/case control studies which report the prevalence and associated factors of wasting in under-two aged children. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) quality assessment checklists for observational studies. The presence of heterogeneity between included studies was evaluated using Cochrane Q-test and the I statistics. Publication bias was checked through graphical and statistical test. Associated factors were estimated by random effect model using DerSimonian-Laird model weight.
The pooled prevalence of wasting among under-two children was 10.91% (95% CI: 8.97-12.85; I = 86.36%). Absence of maternal antenatal follow up (OR; 3.23: 95%CI: 1.20-5.26), no exclusive breast feeding until six months (OR; 5.30; 95%CI: 1.17-9.43), current illness of the child (OR; 2.58: 95%CI: 1.78-3.37), large family size (OR; 12.38; 95%CI: 1.37-26.13) and low wealth status of the households (OR; 3.91; 95%CI: 1. 54-8.36) were significant factors of wasting among under-two children.
This study disclosed that the pooled prevalence of wasting among under- two children were high in Ethiopia. Absence of maternal antenatal follow up, no exclusive breast feeding, low wealth status of the households, large family size and current illness of the child were significant factors of wasting. Strictly adherence of maternal antenatal follow up, counsel the parents to feed only breast milk until six months, limit the number of family size to the level of the household income and early treatment of the sick child were recommended. Furthermore, scale up the wealth status and living standard of the family can address the agenda of reducing and eradicating all forms of malnutrition. This review registered at PROSPERO with registration number CRD42023414914 ( https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#myprospero ).
在全球范围内，约有 4500 万五岁以下儿童患有消瘦症，亚洲和非洲国家是消瘦症儿童的主要分布地区。尽管消瘦症影响所有类型的人群，但两岁以下儿童的长期和短期影响更为严重和敏感。因此，本综述旨在评估埃塞俄比亚两岁以下儿童消瘦症的患病率和相关因素。
检索时间为 2023 年 6 月 19 日至 22 日，检索数据库包括电子数据库（Hinari、PubMed、Google scholar、Scopus）和研究资料库。综述纳入了 2013 年 1 月至 2023 年 12 月期间发表的横断面/病例对照研究，报告了两岁以下儿童消瘦症的患病率和相关因素。使用 Joanna Briggs 研究所（JBI）的观察性研究质量评估清单评估纳入研究的质量。使用 Cochrane Q 检验和 I 统计量评估纳入研究之间的异质性。通过图形和统计检验检查发表偏倚。使用 DerSimonian-Laird 模型权重的随机效应模型估计相关因素。
两岁以下儿童消瘦症的总患病率为 10.91%（95%CI：8.97-12.85；I=86.36%）。母亲产前检查不规范（OR；3.23；95%CI：1.20-5.26）、6 个月内未纯母乳喂养（OR；5.30；95%CI：1.17-9.43）、儿童当前患病（OR；2.58；95%CI：1.78-3.37）、家庭规模大（OR；12.38；95%CI：1.37-26.13）和家庭贫困（OR；3.91；95%CI：1.54-8.36）是两岁以下儿童消瘦症的显著相关因素。
本研究表明，埃塞俄比亚两岁以下儿童消瘦症的总患病率较高。母亲产前检查不规范、未纯母乳喂养、家庭贫困、家庭规模大以及儿童当前患病是消瘦症的显著相关因素。严格遵守母亲产前检查、鼓励父母仅用母乳喂养至 6 个月、限制家庭规模至家庭收入水平、及早治疗患病儿童等措施建议，同时提高家庭的经济水平和生活质量，可以解决减少和消除各种形式营养不良的问题。本研究已在 PROSPERO 注册，注册号为 CRD42023414914（https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#myprospero）。
