Vuoskoski Jonna K, Eerola Tuomas
Faculty of Music, University of OxfordOxford, UK; Department of Music, University of JyväskyläJyväskylä, Finland.
Department of Music, University of JyväskyläJyväskylä, Finland; Department of Music, Durham UniversityDurham, UK.
Front Psychol. 2017 Mar 21;8:439. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00439. eCollection 2017.
Why do we enjoy listening to music that makes us sad? This question has puzzled music psychologists for decades, but the paradox of "pleasurable sadness" remains to be solved. Recent findings from a study investigating the enjoyment of sad films suggest that the positive relationship between felt sadness and enjoyment might be explained by feelings of being moved (Hanich et al., 2014). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether feelings of being moved also mediated the enjoyment of sad music. In Experiment 1, 308 participants listened to five sad music excerpts and rated their liking and felt emotions. A multilevel mediation analysis revealed that the initial positive relationship between liking and felt sadness ( = 0.22) was fully mediated by feelings of being moved. Experiment 2 explored the interconnections of perceived sadness, beauty, and movingness in 27 short music excerpts that represented independently varying levels of sadness and beauty. Two multilevel mediation analyses were carried out to test competing hypotheses: (A) that movingness mediates the effect of perceived sadness on liking, or (B) that perceived beauty mediates the effect of sadness on liking. Stronger support was obtained for Hypothesis A. Our findings suggest that - similarly to the enjoyment of sad films - the aesthetic appreciation of sad music is mediated by being moved. We argue that felt sadness may contribute to the enjoyment of sad music by intensifying feelings of being moved.
为什么我们会喜欢听那些让我们悲伤的音乐呢？几十年来，这个问题一直困扰着音乐心理学家，但“愉悦的悲伤”这一悖论仍有待解决。最近一项关于对悲伤电影的喜爱的研究结果表明，所感受到的悲伤与喜爱之间的正向关系或许可以通过感动的情绪来解释（哈尼希等人，2014年）。本研究的目的是调查感动的情绪是否也介导了对悲伤音乐的喜爱。在实验1中，308名参与者聆听了五段悲伤的音乐片段，并对他们的喜爱程度和所感受到的情绪进行评分。多层次中介分析表明，喜爱与所感受到的悲伤之间最初的正向关系（=0.22）完全由感动的情绪介导。实验2探究了27段代表不同悲伤程度和美感水平的短音乐片段中所感知到的悲伤、美感和感动之间的相互联系。进行了两项多层次中介分析以检验相互竞争的假设：（A）感动介导了所感知到的悲伤对喜爱的影响，或者（B）所感知到的美感介导了悲伤对喜爱的影响。假设A获得了更强有力的支持。我们的研究结果表明——与对悲伤电影的喜爱类似——对悲伤音乐的审美欣赏是由感动介导的。我们认为，所感受到的悲伤可能通过强化感动的情绪来促进对悲伤音乐的喜爱。
