School of Food and Nutrition, College of Health, Massey University Auckland, Private Bag 102904, North Shore, Auckland, 0745, New Zealand.
Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, College of Sciences, Massey University Auckland, Private Bag 102904, North Shore, Auckland, 0745, New Zealand.
Eur J Nutr. 2018 Jun;57(4):1421-1433. doi: 10.1007/s00394-017-1421-3. Epub 2017 Apr 4.
To investigate associations between dietary patterns, socio-demographic factors and anthropometric measurements in adult New Zealanders.
Dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis in adults 15 years plus (n = 4657) using 24-h diet recall data from the 2008/09 New Zealand Adult Nutrition Survey. Multivariate regression was used to investigate associations between dietary patterns and age, gender and ethnicity. After controlling for demographic factors, associations between dietary patterns and food insecurity, deprivation, education, and smoking were investigated. Associations between dietary patterns and body mass index and waist circumference were examined adjusting for demographic factors, smoking and energy intake.
Two dietary patterns were identified. 'Healthy' was characterised by breakfast cereal, low fat milk, soy and rice milk, soup and stock, yoghurt, bananas, apples, other fruit and tea, and low intakes of pies and pastries, potato chips, white bread, takeaway foods, soft drinks, beer and wine. 'Traditional' was characterised by beef, starchy vegetables, green vegetables, carrots, tomatoes, savoury sauces, regular milk, cream, sugar, tea and coffee, and was low in takeaway foods. The 'healthy' pattern was positively associated with age, female gender, New Zealand European or other ethnicity, and a secondary school qualification, and inversely associated with smoking, food insecurity, area deprivation, BMI and waist circumference. The 'traditional' pattern was positively associated with age, male gender, smoking, food insecurity and inversely associated with a secondary school qualification.
A 'Healthy' dietary pattern was associated with higher socio-economic status and reduced adiposity, while the 'traditional' pattern was associated with lower socio-economic status.
调查新西兰成年人的饮食模式、社会人口因素与人体测量学指标之间的相关性。
本研究采用因子分析法，分析了 2008/09 年新西兰成年人营养调查中 15 岁及以上成年人（n=4657）的 24 小时饮食记录数据，确定了饮食模式。采用多元回归分析，调查了饮食模式与年龄、性别和种族之间的相关性。在控制人口统计学因素后，研究了饮食模式与食物不安全感、贫困、教育和吸烟之间的相关性。在调整人口统计学因素、吸烟和能量摄入后，研究了饮食模式与体重指数和腰围之间的相关性。
确定了两种饮食模式。“健康”模式的特点是早餐麦片、低脂牛奶、大豆和米奶、汤和高汤、酸奶、香蕉、苹果、其他水果和茶，同时低摄入馅饼和糕点、薯片、白面包、外卖食品、软饮料、啤酒和葡萄酒。“传统”模式的特点是牛肉、淀粉类蔬菜、绿色蔬菜、胡萝卜、西红柿、咸味酱汁、普通牛奶、奶油、糖、茶和咖啡，同时外卖食品的摄入量较低。“健康”模式与年龄、女性性别、新西兰欧洲或其他种族、中学学历呈正相关，与吸烟、食物不安全感、区域贫困、体重指数和腰围呈负相关。“传统”模式与年龄、男性性别、吸烟、食物不安全感呈正相关，与中学学历呈负相关。
“健康”饮食模式与较高的社会经济地位和较低的肥胖率相关，而“传统”饮食模式与较低的社会经济地位相关。
