Bilski Bartosz
University of Medical Sciences in Poznań 2. Dezydery Chłapowski Research Institute.
Ann Agric Environ Med. 2017 Mar 21;24(1):86-89. doi: 10.5604/12321966.1233897.
Although exposure to audible noise has been examined in many publications, the sources of infrasound in agriculture have not been fully examined and presented. The study presents the assessment of exposure to infrasound from many sources at workplaces in agriculture with examples of possible ergonomic and health consequences caused by such exposure.
Workers'-perceived infrasonic noise levels were examined for 118 examples of moving and stationary agricultural machines (modern and old cab-type tractors, old tractors without cabins, small tractors, grinders, chargers, forage mixers, grain cleaners, conveyors, bark sorters and combine-harvesters). Measurements of infrasound were taken with the use of class 1 instruments (digital sound analyzer DSA-50 digital and acoustic calibrator). Noise level measurements were performed in accordance with PN-Z-01338:2010, PN-EN ISO 9612:2011 and ISO 9612:2009.
The most intense sources of infrasound in the study were modern and old large size types agricultural machinery (tractors, chargers and combined-harvesters, and stationary forage mixers with ventilation). The G-weighted infrasound levels were significant and at many analyzed workplaces stayed within or exceeded the occupational exposure limit (LG eq, 8h = 102 dB) when the duration of exposure is longer than 22 min./8-hours working day (most noisy - modern cab-type tractors), 46 min./8 hours working day (most noisy - old type cab-tractors), 73 min./8 hours working day (most noisy - old tractors without cabins), 86 min./8-hours working day (most noisy - combine-harvesters) and 156 min./8 hours working day (most noisy - stationary forage mixers with ventilation). All measured machines generated infrasonic noise exceeded the value LG eq, Te = 86 dB (occupational exposure limit for workplaces requiring maintained mental concentration). A very important harmful factor is infrasound exposure for pregnant women and adolescents at workplaces in agriculture. Very valuable work can be technical limiting exposure to infrasound from new and used agricultural machinery. The technical limitation of infrasound caused by both old and new agricultural machinery can be invaluable from the work point of view.
尽管许多出版物都对可听噪声的暴露情况进行了研究，但农业中次声的来源尚未得到充分研究和阐述。本研究对农业工作场所多种来源的次声暴露进行了评估，并举例说明了此类暴露可能导致的人体工程学和健康后果。
对118台移动和固定的农业机械（现代和老式驾驶室型拖拉机、无驾驶室的老式拖拉机、小型拖拉机、粉碎机、装载机、饲料搅拌机、谷物清理机、输送机、树皮分选机和联合收割机）进行了工人感知次声噪声水平的检测。次声测量使用1级仪器（数字声音分析仪DSA - 50数字型和声学校准器）。噪声水平测量按照PN - Z - 01338:2010、PN - EN ISO 9612:2011和ISO 9612:2009进行。
研究中次声最强的来源是现代和老式大型农业机械（拖拉机、装载机和联合收割机，以及带通风装置的固定式饲料搅拌机）。当暴露持续时间超过22分钟/8小时工作日（最嘈杂的现代驾驶室型拖拉机）、46分钟/8小时工作日（最嘈杂的老式驾驶室型拖拉机）、73分钟/8小时工作日（最嘈杂的无驾驶室老式拖拉机）、86分钟/8小时工作日（最嘈杂的联合收割机）和156分钟/8小时工作日（最嘈杂的带通风装置的固定式饲料搅拌机）时，G加权次声水平显著，且在许多分析的工作场所内保持或超过职业暴露限值（LG eq, 8h = 102 dB）。所有测量产生次声噪声的机器都超过了LG eq, Te = 86 dB的值（对需要保持精神集中的工作场所的职业暴露限值）。一个非常重要的有害因素是农业工作场所孕妇和青少年的次声暴露。从技术上限制新旧农业机械的次声暴露是非常有价值的工作。从工作角度来看，新旧农业机械造成的次声技术限制可能是非常宝贵的。
