Institute of Life Sciences and Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-5, bte L7.07.06., B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
Department of Physics, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
Nat Nanotechnol. 2017 Apr 6;12(4):295-307. doi: 10.1038/nnano.2017.45.
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a powerful, multifunctional imaging platform that allows biological samples, from single molecules to living cells, to be visualized and manipulated. Soon after the instrument was invented, it was recognized that in order to maximize the opportunities of AFM imaging in biology, various technological developments would be required to address certain limitations of the method. This has led to the creation of a range of new imaging modes, which continue to push the capabilities of the technique today. Here, we review the basic principles, advantages and limitations of the most common AFM bioimaging modes, including the popular contact and dynamic modes, as well as recently developed modes such as multiparametric, molecular recognition, multifrequency and high-speed imaging. For each of these modes, we discuss recent experiments that highlight their unique capabilities.
原子力显微镜（AFM）是一种强大的多功能成像平台，可用于观察和操作从单个分子到活细胞等生物样本。该仪器发明后不久，人们就认识到，为了最大限度地发挥 AFM 在生物学中的成像机会，需要进行各种技术开发来解决该方法的某些局限性。这导致了一系列新的成像模式的产生，这些模式持续推动着该技术的发展。在这里，我们回顾了最常见的 AFM 生物成像模式的基本原理、优点和局限性，包括流行的接触和动态模式，以及最近开发的多参数、分子识别、多频和高速成像模式。对于这些模式中的每一种，我们都讨论了最近的实验，这些实验突出了它们独特的功能。
