Denis F, Leonard G, Sangare A, Gershy-Damet G, Rey J L, Soro B, Schmidt D, Mounier M, Verdier M, Baillou A
Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Centre Hospitalier Regional, Limoges, France.
J Clin Microbiol. 1988 May;26(5):1000-4. doi: 10.1128/jcm.26.5.1000-1004.1988.
The efficacies of nine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (EIA) for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and one EIA for antibody to HIV-2 in detecting antibody to HIV-2 were studied. The competitive EIAs for antibody to HIV-1 were less sensitive than the indirect EIAs. The overall prevalence of positive results was between 28 and 51% with the competitive EIAs and between 70 and 93% with the indirect EIAs. Most of the EIAs were less sensitive in detecting antibody to HIV-2 in sera from people with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-like diseases than in sera from symptomless individuals. The results indicate that there is a high degree of cross-reactivity between HIV-1 and HIV-2 by EIA, indicating that serotype specificity must be determined by Western blot (immunoblot) with both sets of viral antigens. The results are relevant for discussing public health strategies, especially the screening of blood donors; competitive EIAs for antibody to HIV-1 are not sensitive enough to be used in areas where HIV-2 is prevalent (West Africa).
研究了九种检测人类免疫缺陷病毒1型（HIV-1）抗体的酶联免疫吸附测定（EIA）以及一种检测HIV-2抗体的EIA检测HIV-2抗体的效果。检测HIV-1抗体的竞争性EIA不如间接EIA敏感。竞争性EIA的阳性结果总体发生率在28%至51%之间，间接EIA的阳性结果总体发生率在70%至93%之间。大多数EIA在检测获得性免疫缺陷综合征样疾病患者血清中的HIV-2抗体时不如在无症状个体血清中敏感。结果表明，通过EIA检测，HIV-1和HIV-2之间存在高度交叉反应，这表明血清型特异性必须通过使用两组病毒抗原的蛋白质印迹法（免疫印迹法）来确定。这些结果对于讨论公共卫生策略，尤其是献血者筛查具有重要意义；检测HIV-1抗体的竞争性EIA不够敏感，不能用于HIV-2流行地区（西非）。
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