1 Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, La Trobe University, Australia.
2 Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Australia.
Autism. 2018 Jul;22(5):528-541. doi: 10.1177/1362361316687697. Epub 2017 Apr 7.
To improve employment outcomes for adults with autism spectrum disorder, it is necessary to identify factors associated with successful transition to work from the perspectives of the individual and from those who work with or support them. This study involved focus groups with adults with autism spectrum disorder ( n = 9) participating in a 3-year employment and training programme, as well as focus groups with family members ( n = 6), support staff ( n = 7) and co-workers ( n = 6). The aim was to gain better understanding of the experience of transition to work, barriers and also the factors that promote workplace success. Main themes included factors that facilitated success at work ( Enablers), barriers to success ( Challenges) and programme outcomes ( Outcomes). Organisation support, advice from co-workers, supportive leadership, allowance of environmental modifications and presence of a consultant were identified as enablers that most facilitated success at work. Challenges included task-related difficulties, individual factors, social difficulties and distractibility, not managing work-related stress, and being perceived to be too frank. Outcomes were rated as positive and encompassed work-related outcomes, as well as outcomes related to sense of purpose, achieving personal independence and improvements in social relationships, both with work colleagues and within families.
为了改善自闭症谱系障碍成年人的就业结果，有必要从个体和与之合作或支持他们的人的角度来确定与成功过渡到工作相关的因素。本研究涉及 9 名参加为期 3 年的就业和培训计划的自闭症谱系障碍成年人（n=9）的焦点小组，以及 6 名家庭成员（n=6）、支持人员（n=7）和同事（n=6）的焦点小组。目的是更好地了解过渡到工作的经历、障碍以及促进工作场所成功的因素。主要主题包括促进工作成功的因素（促进因素）、成功的障碍（挑战）和计划结果（结果）。组织支持、同事的建议、支持性领导、允许环境调整以及顾问的存在被确定为最能促进工作成功的促进因素。挑战包括与任务相关的困难、个人因素、社交困难和注意力不集中、无法应对与工作相关的压力以及被认为过于坦率。结果被评为积极的，包括与工作相关的结果，以及与目标感、实现个人独立以及改善工作同事和家庭内部的社交关系相关的结果。
