Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Service d'Ophtalmologie, Hôpital Bichat and Fondation A. de Rothschild, Paris, France.
Allergy. 2017 Oct;72(10):1485-1498. doi: 10.1111/all.13178. Epub 2017 May 10.
Ocular allergy (OA) includes a group of common and less frequent hypersensitivity disorders frequently misdiagnosed and not properly managed. The diagnosis of OA is usually based on clinical history and signs and symptoms, with the support of in vivo and in vitro tests when identification of the specific allergen is required. To date, no specific test is available for the diagnosis of the whole spectrum of the different forms of OA. The lack of recommendations on diagnosis of OA is considered a medical need not only for allergists but also for ophthalmologists. This position paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the currently available tools for diagnosing OA to promote a common nomenclature and procedures to be used by different specialists. Questionnaires, sign and symptom grading scales, tests, and potential biomarkers for OA are reviewed. We also identified several unmet needs in the diagnostic tools to generate interest, increase understanding, and inspire further investigations. Tools, recommendations, and algorithms for the diagnosis of OA are proposed for use by both allergists and ophthalmologists. Several unmet needs in the diagnostic tools should be further improved by specific clinical research in OA.
眼过敏（OA）包括一组常见和较少见的过敏症，常被误诊且未得到妥善治疗。OA 的诊断通常基于临床病史和体征症状，并在需要确定特定过敏原时，支持体内和体外检测。迄今为止，尚无针对不同类型 OA 的整个谱的特异性检测。OA 诊断方面缺乏建议被认为是一种医学需求，不仅是过敏学家，而且是眼科医生的需求。本立场文件旨在全面概述目前可用于诊断 OA 的工具，以促进不同专业人员使用通用术语和程序。我们审查了用于 OA 的问卷、体征和症状分级量表、检测和潜在生物标志物。我们还确定了诊断工具中存在的一些未满足的需求，以引起兴趣、增加理解并激发进一步的研究。针对过敏症专家和眼科医生，提出了 OA 诊断工具的建议和算法。诊断工具中的一些未满足的需求，应通过 OA 的具体临床研究进一步改进。
