Denham Bryan E
Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2017 Aug;27(4):325-334. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0050. Epub 2017 Apr 7.
In the United States, the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA) classified dietary supplements as a subcategory of food, exempting manufacturers from providing premarket evidence of product safety and efficacy. Under DSHEA, agencies such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) cannot inspect supplements until after the products have entered the marketplace. Recognizing that both limited resources and DSHEA prevent the FDA from conducting broad-based inspections on a regular basis, disreputable manufacturers have spiked products with drugs such as anabolic steroids and amphetamines. With contaminated supplements now causing athletes to fail drug tests and, in some instances, threatening public health, it becomes important to examine sources of supplement information. This article reviews 53 studies that have addressed athlete information sources about dietary supplements. It finds that athletes, in general, rely heavily on coaches and trainers as well as friends and family for information. Relative to U.S. athletes, those competing internationally appear more likely to seek information from a physician or nutritionist. The article offers recommendations for individuals and organizations based on the most frequent information sources identified by athletes.
在美国，1994年的《膳食补充剂健康与教育法》（DSHEA）将膳食补充剂归类为食品的一个子类别，免除了制造商提供产品安全性和有效性的上市前证据的责任。根据DSHEA，美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）等机构在产品进入市场后才能对补充剂进行检查。由于认识到资源有限以及DSHEA使FDA无法定期进行广泛检查，不良制造商在产品中添加了合成代谢类固醇和安非他明等药物。现在，受污染的补充剂导致运动员药检不合格，在某些情况下还威胁到公众健康，因此审查补充剂信息来源变得很重要。本文回顾了53项针对运动员膳食补充剂信息来源的研究。研究发现，一般来说，运动员严重依赖教练、训练员以及朋友和家人获取信息。相对于美国运动员，那些参加国际比赛的运动员似乎更有可能从医生或营养师那里寻求信息。本文根据运动员确定的最常见信息来源，为个人和组织提供了建议。
