Bajool Yasaman, Hemmatinafar Mohammad, Daryanoosh Farhad, Jahaniboushehri Nima, Jahan Zeinab, Imanian Babak
Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
Curr Dev Nutr. 2024 Aug 14;8(9):104437. doi: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104437. eCollection 2024 Sep.
This study investigated the nutritional knowledge and prevalence of dietary supplements (DSs) among Iranian bodybuilders.
This cross-sectional research study involved sampling 648 bodybuilding clubs in Iran. A researcher distributed questionnaires among clubs in various regions and analyzed categorical variables, DS, nutritional knowledge, and sports nutrition data from 160 bodybuilders aged 18 and above in Iran. The analysis was conducted using the results obtained from a quantitative questionnaire.
There was a significant relationship between DS use and gender ( 0.001, 0.330, males > females), bodybuilding history ( 0.045; 0.158), and exercise sessions/wk ( 0.050, 0.156). Whey protein (45.6%) and branched-chain amino acid (33.7%), vitamin D (50%), caffeine (34.3%), and generally vitamin C (56.2%) were the most common DS used. The most information sources for bodybuilders regarding DS were fitness coaches (35.6%) and registered dietitians/nutritionists (34.3%). Drug stores (36.7%) and fitness coaches (19.3%) were the most prominent sources for purchasing DS. Increasing performance (54.3%), increasing the need for DS through exercise (53.6%), preventing injury, and improving recovery (36.2%) were the most important reasons to consume DS. Skin problems (21.0%), increased liver enzymes (10.8%), and hair loss (9.4%) were the most common side effects of DS use. Total nutritional knowledge (macronutrients, micronutrients, and sports nutrition) was 58.6%.
This study concluded that fitness coaches and registered dietitians/nutritionists were the most common information sources for bodybuilders. It also revealed a moderate level of nutrition knowledge among bodybuilders. The most commonly used DS were vitamins C, D, and whey protein. Also, gender, bodybuilding history, and exercise sessions had a significant relationship with the prevalence of DS. However, the study also revealed some concerning findings; bodybuilders commonly experienced adverse side effects such as skin rashes, increased liver enzymes, and hair loss.
本研究调查了伊朗健美运动员的营养知识及膳食补充剂（DSs）的使用情况。
这项横断面研究对伊朗的648家健身俱乐部进行了抽样。一名研究人员在不同地区的俱乐部中分发问卷，并分析了来自伊朗160名18岁及以上健美运动员的分类变量、DSs、营养知识和运动营养数据。分析采用定量问卷所得结果。
DSs的使用与性别（P = 0.001，OR = 0.330，男性>女性）、健美历史（P = 0.045；OR = 0.158）以及每周锻炼次数（P = 0.050，OR = 0.156）之间存在显著关系。乳清蛋白（45.6%）、支链氨基酸（33.7%）、维生素D（50%）、咖啡因（34.3%）以及一般的维生素C（56.2%）是最常用的DSs。健美运动员获取DSs信息的最主要来源是健身教练（35.6%）和注册营养师/营养学家（34.3%）。药店（36.7%）和健身教练（19.3%）是购买DSs最主要的渠道。提高运动表现（54.3%）、因锻炼增加对DSs的需求（53.6%）、预防损伤和促进恢复（36.2%）是服用DSs最重要的原因。皮肤问题（21.0%）、肝酶升高（10.8%）和脱发（9.4%）是服用DSs最常见的副作用。总体营养知识（宏量营养素、微量营养素和运动营养）为58.6%。
本研究得出结论，健身教练和注册营养师/营养学家是健美运动员最常见的信息来源。研究还表明健美运动员的营养知识水平中等。最常用的DSs是维生素C、D和乳清蛋白。此外，性别、健美历史和锻炼次数与DSs的使用情况存在显著关系。然而，研究也揭示了一些令人担忧的发现；健美运动员普遍经历诸如皮疹、肝酶升高和脱发等不良副作用。
