Van Vactor David, Sigrist Stephan J
Department of Cell Biology and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate University, Tancha 1919-1, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan.
Institut für Biologie/Genetik and NeuroCure, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2017 Apr;43:119-129. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.03.003. Epub 2017 Apr 5.
Effective adaptation of neural circuit function to a changing environment requires many forms of plasticity. Among these, structural plasticity is one of the most durable, and is also an intrinsic part of the developmental logic for the formation and refinement of synaptic connectivity. Structural plasticity of presynaptic sites can involve the addition, remodeling, or removal of pre- and post-synaptic elements. However, this requires coordination of morphogenesis and assembly of the subcellular machinery for neurotransmitter release within the presynaptic neuron, as well as coordination of these events with the postsynaptic cell. While much progress has been made in revealing the cell biological mechanisms of postsynaptic structural plasticity, our understanding of presynaptic mechanisms is less complete.
神经回路功能有效适应不断变化的环境需要多种形式的可塑性。其中，结构可塑性是最持久的形式之一，也是突触连接形成和完善的发育逻辑的固有组成部分。突触前位点的结构可塑性可能涉及突触前和突触后元件的添加、重塑或去除。然而，这需要突触前神经元内神经递质释放的亚细胞机制的形态发生和组装的协调，以及这些事件与突触后细胞的协调。虽然在揭示突触后结构可塑性的细胞生物学机制方面已经取得了很大进展，但我们对突触前机制的理解还不够完善。
