Manzano-García Guadalupe, Ayala Juan-Carlos
Department of Sciences Education, University of La Rioja, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain.
Department of Economics and Business, University of La Rioja, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain.
PLoS One. 2017 Apr 7;12(4):e0175352. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175352. eCollection 2017.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify potentially important factors in explaining burnout in nursing that have been insufficiently studied or ignored. METHODS: A three-round Delphi study via e-mail correspondence was conducted, with a group of 40 European experts. The e-Delphi questionnaire consisted of 52 factors identified from a literature review. Experts rated and scored the importance of factors in the occurrence of burnout and the degree of attention given by researchers to each of the variables listed, on a six-point Likert scale. We used the agreement percentage (>80%) to measure the level of consensus between experts. Furthermore, to confirm the level of consensus, we also calculated mean scores and modes. Regardless of the degree of consensus reached by the experts, we have calculated the mean of the stability of the answers for each expert (individual's qualitative stability) and the mean of the stability percentages of the experts (qualitative group stability). RESULTS: The response rate in the three rounds was 93.02% (n = 40). Eight new factors were suggested in the first round. After modified, the e-Delphi questionnaire in the second and third rounds had 60 factors. All the factors reached the third round with a consensus level above 80% in terms of the attention that researchers gave them in their studies. Moreover, the data show a total mean qualitative group stability of 96.21%. In the third round 9 factors were classified by experts as 'studied very little', 17 as 'studied little' and 34 as 'well studied'. CONCLUSION: Findings show that not all the factors that may influence nursing burnout have received the same attention from researchers. The panel of experts has identified factors that, although important in explaining burnout, have been poorly studied or even forgotten. Our results suggest that further study into factors such as a lack of recognition of part of the tasks that nurses perform, feminine stereotype or excessive bureaucracy is needed for a better understanding of this syndrome and improve the quality of life in nurses.
目的：本研究旨在确定在解释护理人员职业倦怠方面可能重要但研究不足或被忽视的因素。 方法：通过电子邮件通信对40名欧洲专家进行了三轮德尔菲研究。电子德尔菲问卷由从文献综述中确定的52个因素组成。专家们根据六点李克特量表对各因素在职业倦怠发生中的重要性以及研究人员对所列每个变量的关注程度进行评分。我们使用一致率（>80%）来衡量专家之间的共识水平。此外，为了确认共识水平，我们还计算了平均分和众数。无论专家达成的共识程度如何，我们都计算了每位专家答案的稳定性均值（个体定性稳定性）和专家稳定性百分比的均值（定性群体稳定性）。 结果：三轮的回复率为93.02%（n = 40）。第一轮提出了8个新因素。经过修改，第二轮和第三轮的电子德尔菲问卷有60个因素。就研究人员在研究中对所有因素的关注而言，所有因素在第三轮时的共识水平都高于80%。此外，数据显示定性群体稳定性的总平均分为96.21%。在第三轮中，9个因素被专家归类为“研究极少”，17个为“研究较少”，34个为“研究充分”。 结论：研究结果表明，并非所有可能影响护理人员职业倦怠的因素都受到了研究人员同样的关注。专家小组已经确定了一些因素，这些因素虽然在解释职业倦怠方面很重要，但研究不足甚至被遗忘。我们的结果表明，需要进一步研究诸如对护士所执行部分任务缺乏认可、女性刻板印象或过度官僚主义等因素，以便更好地理解这种综合征并提高护士的生活质量。
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