Zare Rahman, Kazemi Reza, Choobineh Alireza, Cousins Rosanna, Smith Andrew, Mokarami Hamidreza
Student Research Committee, Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Department of Ergonomics, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
Heliyon. 2024 Nov 7;10(23):e40226. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40226. eCollection 2024 Dec 15.
Job burnout is a stress-related phenomenon that is a significant threat to the health and performance of organizations and employees. Interventions to ameliorate potentials for burnout have been limited by the lack of a comprehensive tool that considers work system stressors. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop a questionnaire for predicting job burnout based on the macroergonomics work system approach. The setting was a petrochemical company in South Iran. In the qualitative phase of this sequential exploratory mixed methods research, 971 meaning codes were extracted from fourteen one-to-one and seven focus group interviews (n = 59). The codes were subject to Directed Content Analysis, which yielded three themes and 15 dimensions, which were used to inform the development of reliable and valid questionnaire. Items for each of the dimensions were sourced from exiting scales. To test the developed Work System Stress Questionnaire (WSSQ) in terms of its ability to predict burnout, a survey which included demographic items, the WSSQ, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory was completed by 359 employees. Hierarchical linear regression modelling of the data indicated that Task Significance, Job Demands, Work-Life Conflict, and Work Schedule predicted Emotional Exhaustion, and altogether explained 58 % variance. Task Significance, Violence and Harassment, Work-Life Conflict, and Job Insecurity predicted the Depersonalization and explained 29 % variance. Decision Latitude, Welfare and Financial Facilities, Task Significance, and Structural Problems predicted Personal Accomplishment and explained 26 % variance. All 15 dimensions were valid (CVI range .73-.90) and reliable (Cronbach's alpha range .71-.93). The results confirm the ability of the WSSQ to explain more variance regarding job burnout than previous studies. In turn, the WSSQ will enable remedial actions to be put into place. It may also be useful for understanding the consequences associated with other organizational ergonomic variables that are related to job stress.
职业倦怠是一种与压力相关的现象，对组织和员工的健康及绩效构成重大威胁。由于缺乏一个考虑工作系统压力源的综合工具，改善倦怠可能性的干预措施受到了限制。因此，本研究的目的是基于宏观工效学工作系统方法开发一份预测职业倦怠的问卷。研究背景是伊朗南部的一家石化公司。在这项顺序探索性混合方法研究的定性阶段，从14次一对一访谈和7次焦点小组访谈（n = 59）中提取了971个意义编码。这些编码进行了定向内容分析，产生了三个主题和15个维度，用于为可靠且有效的问卷开发提供信息。每个维度的项目均来自现有的量表。为了测试所开发的工作系统压力问卷（WSSQ）预测倦怠的能力，359名员工完成了一项包括人口统计学项目、WSSQ和马氏倦怠量表的调查。对数据进行的分层线性回归建模表明，任务重要性、工作需求、工作与生活冲突以及工作时间表可预测情绪耗竭，共解释了58%的方差。任务重要性、暴力与骚扰、工作与生活冲突以及工作不安全感可预测去个性化，并解释了29%的方差。决策自由度、福利与财务设施、任务重要性以及结构问题可预测个人成就感，并解释了26%的方差。所有15个维度都是有效的（内容效度指数范围为0.73 - 0.90）且可靠的（克朗巴哈系数范围为0.71 - 0.93）。结果证实，与以往研究相比，WSSQ能够解释更多与职业倦怠相关的方差。相应地，WSSQ将使补救措施得以实施。它对于理解与其他与工作压力相关的组织工效学变量相关的后果也可能有用。
