Ahmed Omar H, Marcus Sonya, Lebowitz Richard A, Jacobs Joseph B
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New York University, 550 First Avenue - NBV 5E5, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New York University, 550 First Avenue - NBV 5E5, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2017 Jun;50(3):505-519. doi: 10.1016/j.otc.2017.01.003. Epub 2017 Apr 25.
Rhinoscopy became a formal field of study in the mid-nineteenth century as improvements in nasal specula were made and the potent vasoconstrictive effects of cocaine on the intranasal tissues were discovered. Since then, a multitude of advances in visualization and illumination have been made. The advent of the Storz-Hopkins endoscope in the mid-twentieth century represents a culmination of efforts spanning nearly 2 centuries, and illumination has evolved concomitantly. The future of endoscopic sinus surgery may integrate developing technologies, such as 3-dimensional endoscopy, augmented reality navigation systems, and robotic endoscope holders.
随着鼻镜的改进以及可卡因对鼻内组织的强效血管收缩作用被发现，鼻镜检查在19世纪中叶成为一个正式的研究领域。从那时起，在可视化和照明方面取得了许多进展。20世纪中叶Storz-Hopkins内窥镜的出现代表了近两个世纪努力的 culmination，并且照明也随之发展。内窥镜鼻窦手术的未来可能会整合如三维内窥镜、增强现实导航系统和机器人内窥镜支架等正在发展的技术。 （注：“culmination”此处暂未准确翻译出合适中文词汇，可理解为“成果、顶峰等意” ）
