Experimental Psychology, Department of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Germany; Occupational and Engineering Psychology, Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany; Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany.
Experimental Psychology, Department of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Germany.
Clin Psychol Rev. 2017 Jun;54:44-64. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2017.03.007. Epub 2017 Mar 29.
Numerous studies have reported that time perception and temporal processing are impaired in schizophrenia. In a meta-analytical review, we differentiate between time perception (judgments of time intervals) and basic temporal processing (e.g., judgments of temporal order) as well as between effects on accuracy (deviation of estimates from the veridical value) and precision (variability of judgments). In a meta-regression approach, we also included the specific tasks and the different time interval ranges as covariates. We considered 68 publications of the past 65years, and meta-analyzed data from 957 patients with schizophrenia and 1060 healthy control participants. Independent of tasks and interval durations, our results demonstrate that time perception and basic temporal processing are less precise (more variable) in patients (Hedges' g>1.00), whereas effects of schizophrenia on accuracy of time perception are rather small and task-dependent. Our review also shows that several aspects, e.g., potential influences of medication, have not yet been investigated in sufficient detail. In conclusion, the results are in accordance with theoretical assumptions and the notion of a more variable internal clock in patients with schizophrenia, but not with a strong effect of schizophrenia on clock speed. The impairment of temporal precision, however, may also be clock-unspecific as part of a general cognitive deficiency in schizophrenia.
大量研究报告指出，精神分裂症患者的时间感知和时间处理能力受损。在一项元分析综述中，我们将时间感知（时间间隔判断）和基本时间处理（例如，时间顺序判断）区分开来，以及将准确性（估计值与真实值的偏差）和精度（判断的可变性）的影响区分开来。我们还采用元回归方法，将特定任务和不同时间间隔范围作为协变量纳入考虑。我们考虑了过去 65 年的 68 篇出版物，并对 957 名精神分裂症患者和 1060 名健康对照参与者的元分析数据进行了分析。独立于任务和间隔持续时间，我们的结果表明，时间感知和基本时间处理在患者中更不精确（更可变）（Hedges' g>1.00），而精神分裂症对时间感知准确性的影响则相当小，并且取决于任务。我们的综述还表明，还有几个方面，例如药物的潜在影响，尚未得到充分研究。总之，这些结果与理论假设以及精神分裂症患者内部时钟更可变的概念一致，但与精神分裂症对时钟速度的强烈影响不一致。然而，时间精度的损害也可能不是时钟特异性的，而是精神分裂症中一般认知缺陷的一部分。
